Surgical Research Unit, Faculty of Science and Medicine, University of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Department of Surgery, Cantonal Hospital Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2022 Feb 9;13:822191. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.822191. eCollection 2022.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a widespread disease, affecting approximately 41.5 million people worldwide. It is generally treated with exogenous insulin, maintaining physiological blood glucose levels but also leading to long-term therapeutic complications. Pancreatic islet cell transplantation offers a potential alternative treatment to insulin injections. Shortage of human organ donors has raised the interest for porcine islet xenotransplantation. Neonatal porcine islets are highly available, can proliferate and mature as well as after transplantation . Despite promising preclinical results, delayed insulin secretion caused by immaturity and immunogenicity of the neonatal porcine islets remains a challenge for their clinical application. Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are known to have pro-angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. The current state of research emphasizes the great potential of co-culture and co-transplantation of islet cells with MSCs. Studies have shown enhanced islet proliferation and maturation, insulin secretion and graft survival, resulting in an improved graft outcome. This review summarizes the immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties of MSC in the context of islet transplantation.
1 型糖尿病（T1D）是一种广泛存在的疾病，全球约有 4150 万人受其影响。T1D 的常规治疗方法是外源性胰岛素注射，该方法虽能维持生理血糖水平，但也会导致长期的治疗并发症。胰岛细胞移植为胰岛素注射提供了一种潜在的替代治疗方法。由于人类器官供体短缺，人们对猪胰岛异种移植产生了兴趣。新生猪胰岛的供应非常充足，它们不仅可以增殖和成熟，而且在移植后也可以增殖和成熟。尽管临床前研究结果很有前景，但新生猪胰岛的不成熟和免疫原性导致的胰岛素分泌延迟仍然是其临床应用的一个挑战。多能间充质基质细胞（MSCs）具有促血管生成、抗炎和免疫调节作用。目前的研究强调了胰岛细胞与 MSCs 共培养和共移植的巨大潜力。研究表明，这种共培养和共移植可以增强胰岛的增殖和成熟、胰岛素分泌和移植物的存活，从而改善移植物的效果。本综述总结了 MSC 在胰岛移植中的免疫调节和抗炎特性。
