Liu Yunhao, Du Zhuolin, Lin Shengli, Li Haoming, Lu Shaoping, Guo Liang, Tang Shan
National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.
Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2022 Feb 10;13:848723. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2022.848723. eCollection 2022.
Rapeseed () is an important oilseed crop widely planted in the world, providing substantial edible oil and other nutrients for mankind. The composition of fatty acids affects the edible and processing quality of vegetable oils, among which erucic acid (EA) is potentially to cause health problems. Therefore, low erucic acid (LEA) has always been a breeding trait of . () plays a decisive role in the synthesis of EA. There are two functional homologous copies of on the A08 and C03 chromosomes in . In this study, we used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to create targeted mutations on these two homologous copies of in three germplasms with high EA (>30%) and high oil (>50%). Our results show that the EA content was significantly reduced by more than 10 percentage points in the mutant of (), while the double mutation of and () resulted in nearly zero EA in three edited germplasms, and the oleic acid content was increased in different degrees. In addition, knockout of or/and mildly decreased seed oil content, but had no significant effect on other agronomic traits. In general, we successfully created low EA germplasms of , which provides a feasible way for future low EA breeding.
油菜是一种在世界范围内广泛种植的重要油料作物，为人类提供大量食用油和其他营养物质。脂肪酸组成影响植物油的食用和加工品质，其中芥酸（EA）可能会引发健康问题。因此，低芥酸（LEA）一直是油菜的育种目标。FAD2在EA的合成中起决定性作用。油菜A08和C03染色体上存在FAD2的两个功能同源拷贝。在本研究中，我们利用CRISPR/Cas9技术在三个高芥酸（>30%）和高油（>50%）的油菜种质中对这两个FAD2同源拷贝进行靶向突变。我们的结果表明，FAD2突变体（FAD2 - 1）的EA含量显著降低了10多个百分点，而FAD2 - 1和FAD2 - 2双突变使三个编辑种质中的EA含量几乎为零，油酸含量不同程度增加。此外，敲除FAD2 - 1或/和FAD2 - 2会使种子油含量略有降低，但对其他农艺性状无显著影响。总体而言，我们成功创制了油菜低芥酸种质，为未来低芥酸育种提供了可行途径。
