Friedman Samantha, Fussell Elizabeth, Nakatsuka Mayuko, Yucel Recai
University at Albany, SUNY.
Brown University.
Cityscape. 2021;23(3):205-239.
The number of highly destructive disasters is increasing in regions of the United States where the Hispanic population is growing fastest. Up-to-date studies of disaster preparedness are needed that include housing measures and other factors that may account for differences in disaster preparedness between Hispanics and other racial and ethnic groups. This study fills this gap in the literature by using data from the 2017 American Housing Survey, which includes a topical module on disaster planning along with the core measures of housing and neighborhood characteristics, including housing tenure. The results reveal that Hispanics are generally less prepared than non-Hispanic Whites regarding resource- and action-based measures, with a few exceptions. Hispanics, Blacks, and Asians are significantly more likely than Whites to have at least 3 gallons of water per person, and Hispanics and Blacks are significantly more likely than Whites and Asians to have flood insurance. The findings show that housing and residential characteristics are consistently significant in predicting preparedness-controlling for other relevant variables-although they do not attenuate the disadvantages that Hispanics and Blacks face in their disaster preparedness relative to Whites. Future research would benefit from further exploration of the linkage between racial and ethnic inequalities in housing and neighborhood characteristics and household disaster preparedness.
在美国西班牙裔人口增长最快的地区，极具破坏性的灾害数量正在增加。需要开展最新的灾害防范研究，其中应包括住房措施以及其他可能导致西班牙裔与其他种族和族裔群体在灾害防范方面存在差异的因素。本研究利用2017年美国住房调查的数据填补了文献中的这一空白，该调查包括一个关于灾害规划的专题模块以及住房和邻里特征的核心指标，包括住房保有形式。结果显示，在基于资源和行动的措施方面，西班牙裔总体上比非西班牙裔白人准备不足，但也有一些例外。西班牙裔、黑人和亚洲人比白人更有可能每人至少储备3加仑水，西班牙裔和黑人比白人和亚洲人更有可能购买洪水保险。研究结果表明，在控制其他相关变量的情况下，住房和居住特征在预测防范能力方面始终具有显著意义，尽管它们并未减轻西班牙裔和黑人相对于白人在灾害防范方面面临的劣势。未来的研究将受益于对住房和邻里特征方面的种族和族裔不平等与家庭灾害防范之间联系的进一步探索。
