Rowell Tiffany, Neal-Barnett Angela
Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, 600 Hilltop Drive, Kent, OH 44240 USA.
J Child Adolesc Trauma. 2021 Aug 21;15(1):167-180. doi: 10.1007/s40653-021-00400-x. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are defined as early exposure to maltreatment and household dysfunction. Researchers have demonstrated the link between ACEs and negative psychological, behavioral, interpersonal, and health outcomes. A growing area of interest in the ACE literature concerns the relationship between ACEs, parenting, and child psychopathology due to the intergenerational effect of ACEs. Emotional availability and discipline strategies are two domains of parenting that can increase understanding of the associations between ACEs, parenting, and child psychopathology from an attachment framework because they are both salient during early childhood and directly influence a child's later behavior. This paper utilized the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to elucidate the relationships between parental ACEs, parents' emotional availability and discipline strategies, and children's psychopathology. PubMed, PSYCINFO, and Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection were used to access the literature on June 16, 2020, and 26 studies met the inclusion criteria. Results from this review suggested that there is a direct association between ACEs and parental emotional availability and discipline techniques. Depression and dissociation were identified as potential mediators. There was support for the direct association between parental ACEs and children's internalizing and externalizing difficulties. Maternal anxiety and depressive symptoms, emotional availability, attachment, and children's maltreatment experiences were found to be possible mediators. Recommendations are proposed to address limitations within the literature to further expand upon the research of ACEs, parenting, and child psychopathology.
童年不良经历（ACEs）被定义为早年遭受虐待和家庭功能失调。研究人员已经证明了ACEs与负面心理、行为、人际关系和健康结果之间的联系。由于ACEs的代际效应，ACEs文献中一个越来越受关注的领域是ACEs、养育方式和儿童精神病理学之间的关系。情感可及性和管教策略是养育方式的两个方面，它们可以从依恋框架的角度增进对ACEs、养育方式和儿童精神病理学之间关联的理解，因为它们在幼儿期都很突出，并且直接影响孩子日后的行为。本文利用系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南来阐明父母的ACEs、父母的情感可及性和管教策略与儿童精神病理学之间的关系。2020年6月16日，通过PubMed、PSYCINFO以及心理学与行为科学合集来检索文献，有26项研究符合纳入标准。该综述的结果表明，ACEs与父母的情感可及性和管教技巧之间存在直接关联。抑郁和解离被确定为潜在的中介因素。有证据支持父母的ACEs与儿童内化和外化问题之间的直接关联。母亲的焦虑和抑郁症状、情感可及性、依恋以及儿童的虐待经历被发现可能是中介因素。针对文献中的局限性提出了建议，以进一步拓展对ACEs、养育方式和儿童精神病理学的研究。
