Seixas Maria Luiza G A, Mitre Lucas Pari, Shams Shahin, Lanzuolo Gabriel Barbugian, Bartolomeo Cynthia Silva, Silva Eduardo A, Prado Carla Maximo, Ureshino Rodrigo, Stilhano Roberta Sessa
Department of Physiological Sciences, Santa Casa de São Paulo School of Medical Sciences, São Paulo, Brazil.
Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
Front Nutr. 2022 Feb 10;9:825629. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.825629. eCollection 2022.
COVID-19, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been considered a public health emergency, extensively investigated by researchers. Accordingly, the respiratory tract has been the main research focus, with some other studies outlining the effects on the neurological, cardiovascular, and renal systems. However, concerning SARS-CoV-2 outcomes on skeletal muscle, scientific evidence is still not sufficiently strong to trace, treat and prevent possible muscle impairment due to the COVID-19. Simultaneously, there has been a considerable amount of studies reporting skeletal muscle damage in the context of COVID-19. Among the detrimental musculoskeletal conditions associated with the viral infection, the most commonly described are sarcopenia, cachexia, myalgia, myositis, rhabdomyolysis, atrophy, peripheral neuropathy, and Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Of note, the risk of developing sarcopenia during or after COVID-19 is relatively high, which poses special importance to the condition amid the SARS-CoV-2 infection. The yet uncovered mechanisms by which musculoskeletal injury takes place in COVID-19 and the lack of published methods tailored to study the correlation between COVID-19 and skeletal muscle hinder the ability of healthcare professionals to provide SARS-CoV-2 infected patients with an adequate treatment plan. The present review aims to minimize this burden by both thoroughly exploring the interaction between COVID-19 and the musculoskeletal system and examining the cutting-edge 3D cell culture techniques capable of revolutionizing the study of muscle dynamics.
由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）引起的2019冠状病毒病（COVID-19）被视为突发公共卫生事件，研究人员对其进行了广泛调查。因此，呼吸道一直是主要研究重点，其他一些研究概述了其对神经、心血管和肾脏系统的影响。然而，关于SARS-CoV-2对骨骼肌的影响，科学证据仍不够充分，无法追踪、治疗和预防COVID-19可能导致的肌肉损伤。同时，已有大量研究报告了COVID-19背景下的骨骼肌损伤。在与病毒感染相关的有害肌肉骨骼疾病中，最常描述的是肌肉减少症、恶病质、肌痛、肌炎、横纹肌溶解、萎缩、周围神经病变和吉兰-巴雷综合征。值得注意的是，在COVID-19期间或之后发生肌肉减少症的风险相对较高，这在SARS-CoV-2感染中对该病症具有特殊重要性。COVID-19中肌肉骨骼损伤发生的尚未揭示的机制以及缺乏专门用于研究COVID-19与骨骼肌之间相关性的已发表方法，阻碍了医护人员为感染SARS-CoV-2的患者提供适当治疗方案的能力。本综述旨在通过全面探索COVID-19与肌肉骨骼系统之间的相互作用以及研究能够彻底改变肌肉动力学研究的前沿3D细胞培养技术，将这一负担降至最低。
