Tao Jiaping, Cao Xuejie, Yu Baoqi, Qu Aijuan
Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling-Related Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Feb 10;9:845070. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.845070. eCollection 2022.
Vascular repair upon vessel injury is essential for the maintenance of arterial homeostasis and function. Stem/progenitor cells were demonstrated to play a crucial role in regeneration and replenishment of damaged vascular cells during vascular repair. Previous studies revealed that myeloid stem/progenitor cells were the main sources of tissue regeneration after vascular injury. However, accumulating evidences from developing lineage tracing studies indicate that various populations of vessel-resident stem/progenitor cells play specific roles in different process of vessel injury and repair. In response to shear stress, inflammation, or other risk factors-induced vascular injury, these vascular stem/progenitor cells can be activated and consequently differentiate into different types of vascular wall cells to participate in vascular repair. In this review, mechanisms that contribute to stem/progenitor cell differentiation and vascular repair are described. Targeting these mechanisms has potential to improve outcome of diseases that are characterized by vascular injury, such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, restenosis, and aortic aneurysm/dissection. Future studies on potential stem cell-based therapy are also highlighted.
血管损伤后的血管修复对于维持动脉内环境稳定和功能至关重要。干细胞/祖细胞已被证明在血管修复过程中受损血管细胞的再生和补充中起关键作用。先前的研究表明，髓系干细胞/祖细胞是血管损伤后组织再生的主要来源。然而，来自开展谱系追踪研究的越来越多的证据表明，各种血管驻留干细胞/祖细胞群体在血管损伤和修复的不同过程中发挥着特定作用。响应剪切应力、炎症或其他危险因素诱导的血管损伤，这些血管干细胞/祖细胞可被激活，进而分化为不同类型的血管壁细胞以参与血管修复。在这篇综述中，描述了促成干细胞/祖细胞分化和血管修复的机制。针对这些机制有可能改善以血管损伤为特征的疾病的预后，如动脉粥样硬化、高血压、再狭窄和主动脉瘤/夹层。还强调了未来基于干细胞的潜在治疗研究。
