Division of Oncology and Pathology, Clinical Sciences, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Radiation Physics, Department of Haematology, Oncology and Radiation Physics, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
Expert Rev Mol Med. 2022 Feb 28;24:e10. doi: 10.1017/erm.2022.5.
FLASH radiotherapy is a novel technique that has been shown in numerous preclinical in vivo studies to have the potential to be the next important improvement in cancer treatment. However, the biological mechanisms responsible for the selective FLASH sparing effect of normal tissues are not yet known. An optimal translation of FLASH radiotherapy into the clinic would require a good understanding of the specific beam parameters that induces a FLASH effect, environmental conditions affecting the response, and the radiobiological mechanisms involved. Even though the FLASH effect has generally been considered as an in vivo effect, studies finding these answers would be difficult and ethically challenging to carry out solely in animals. Hence, suitable in vitro studies aimed towards finding these answers are needed. In this review, we describe and summarise several in vitro assays that have been used or could be used to finally elucidate the mechanisms behind the FLASH effect.
FLASH 放疗是一种新的技术，在大量的临床前活体研究中已经显示出有潜力成为癌症治疗的下一个重要进展。然而，负责正常组织选择性 FLASH 保护效应的生物学机制尚不清楚。FLASH 放疗要想在临床上得到最佳转化，就需要很好地理解引起 FLASH 效应的特定光束参数、影响反应的环境条件以及涉及的放射生物学机制。尽管 FLASH 效应通常被认为是一种体内效应，但仅在动物身上开展这些研究既困难又具有伦理挑战性。因此，需要进行合适的体外研究来寻找这些答案。在这篇综述中，我们描述并总结了几种已经或可能用于最终阐明 FLASH 效应背后机制的体外检测方法。
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