Pediatric Nutrition Research Unit, Division of Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2022 Feb 28;41(1):5. doi: 10.1186/s41043-022-00284-z.
The glycemic index (GI) reflects body responses to different carbohydrate-rich foods. Generally, it cannot be simply predicted from the composition of the food but needs in vivo testing.
Healthy adult volunteers with normal body mass index were recruited. Each volunteer was asked to participate in the study center twice in the first week to consume the reference glucose (50 g) and once a week thereafter to consume the study fruit juices in a random order. The study fruit juices were Florida orange juice, Tangerine orange juice, Blackcurrant mixed juice, and Veggie V9 orange carrot juice which were already available on the market. The serving size of each fruit juice was calculated to provide 50 g of glycemic carbohydrate. The fasting and subsequent venous blood samplings were obtained through the indwelling venous catheters at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min after the test drink consumption and immediately sent for plasma glucose and insulin. GI and insulin indices were calculated from the incremental area under the curve of postprandial glucose of the test drink divided by the reference drink. Glycemic load (GL) was calculated from the GI multiplied by carbohydrate content in the serving size.
A total of 12 volunteers participated in the study. Plasma glucose and insulin peaked at 30 min after the drink was consumed, and then started to decline at 120 min. Tangerine orange juice had the lowest GI (34.1 ± 18.7) and GL (8.1 g). Veggie V9 had the highest GI (69.6 ± 43.3) but it was in the third GL rank (12.4 g). The insulin responses correlated well with the GI. Fructose to glucose ratio was inversely associated with GI and insulin responses for all study fruit juices. Fiber contents in the study juices did not correlate with glycemic and insulin indices.
The GIs of fruit juices were varied but consistently showed a positive correlation with insulin indices. Fruit juices with low GI are a healthier choice for people with diabetes as well as individuals who want to stay healthy since it produces more subtle postprandial glucose and insulin responses.
血糖指数（GI）反映了人体对不同富含碳水化合物食物的反应。一般来说，它不能简单地从食物的成分来预测，而需要进行体内测试。
本研究招募了健康的成年志愿者，他们的体重指数正常。要求每位志愿者在第一周的两天内到研究中心两次，分别摄入参考葡萄糖（50g），此后每周一次，随机摄入研究果汁。研究果汁包括市售的佛罗里达橙汁、橘子汁、黑加仑混合汁和蔬菜 V9 橙汁胡萝卜汁。每种果汁的份量均经计算，可提供 50g 的血糖碳水化合物。志愿者空腹，并通过留置静脉导管在测试饮料摄入后 0、15、30、45、60、90 和 120 分钟时抽取静脉血样，并立即检测血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素。通过测试饮料餐后血糖的曲线下面积除以参考饮料计算得出 GI 和胰岛素指数。通过将 GI 乘以份量中的碳水化合物含量计算出血糖负荷（GL）。
共有 12 名志愿者参与了这项研究。饮用饮料后 30 分钟时，血浆葡萄糖和胰岛素达到峰值，然后在 120 分钟时开始下降。橘子汁的 GI（34.1±18.7）和 GL（8.1g）最低。蔬菜 V9 的 GI（69.6±43.3）最高，但属于 GL 第三级（12.4g）。胰岛素反应与 GI 密切相关。所有研究果汁的果糖与葡萄糖比值与 GI 和胰岛素反应呈负相关。研究果汁中的膳食纤维含量与血糖和胰岛素指数无关。
果汁的 GI 不同，但与胰岛素指数呈正相关。低 GI 的果汁是糖尿病患者和希望保持健康的人的更健康选择，因为它会产生更微妙的餐后血糖和胰岛素反应。
