Liver Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE2 4HH, UK.
Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2013 Jun;10(6):330-44. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2013.41. Epub 2013 Mar 19.
NAFLD is a spectrum of progressive liver disease that encompasses simple steatosis, NASH, fibrosis and, ultimately, cirrhosis. NAFLD is recognized as the hepatic component of the metabolic syndrome, as these conditions have insulin resistance as a common pathophysiological mechanism. Therefore, NAFLD is strongly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus and abdominal obesity. As lifestyles have become increasingly sedentary and dietary patterns have changed, the worldwide prevalence of NAFLD has increased dramatically and is projected to be the principal aetiology for liver transplantation within the next decade. Importantly, a growing body of clinical and epidemiological evidence suggests that NAFLD is associated not only with liver-related morbidity and mortality, but also with an increased risk of developing both cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This article reviews the evidence that suggests NAFLD is a multisystem disease and the factors that might determine interindividual variation in the development and progression of its major hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations (principally type 2 diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular disease).
非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是一种进展性肝脏疾病谱，包括单纯性脂肪变性、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）、纤维化，最终发展为肝硬化。NAFLD 被认为是代谢综合征的肝脏成分，因为这些病症都有胰岛素抵抗这一共同的病理生理机制。因此，NAFLD 与 2 型糖尿病和腹部肥胖密切相关。随着生活方式变得越来越久坐不动，饮食模式发生变化，NAFLD 在全球的患病率显著增加，并预计在未来十年内将成为肝移植的主要病因。重要的是，越来越多的临床和流行病学证据表明，NAFLD 不仅与肝脏相关的发病率和死亡率有关，而且还与发生心血管疾病和 2 型糖尿病的风险增加有关。本文综述了 NAFLD 是一种多系统疾病的证据，以及可能决定其主要肝脏和肝脏外表现（主要是 2 型糖尿病和心血管疾病）发展和进展的个体间差异的因素。
