Department for Health Economics and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Germany.
Department for Health Economics and Health Care Management, School of Public Health, Bielefeld University, Germany; Vandage GmbH, Bielefeld, Germany.
Vaccine. 2022 Mar 18;40(13):1932-1947. doi: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.02.043. Epub 2022 Feb 25.
Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a notifiable disease in Germany and other European countries. Due to the high lethality of the disease and the risk of long-term consequences, IMD prevention is of high public health relevance despite the low number of cases in the population. This study aims to describe key epidemiological and economic parameters of IMD in Germany to support national decision-making processes for implementing enhanced prevention measures.
Based on a systematic literature review in PubMed and EMBASE, all publications on the burden of disease and costs of IMD published up to May 2020 were evaluated. Additionally, notification data were used to report the annual case numbers and incidence of IMD in Germany until the end of 2019.
Thirty-six studies were included, of which 35 reported data on the epidemiological burden of disease and three reported data on economic aspects of IMD. The type of reported endpoints and results on the incidence of IMD differed widely by reporting year, population, and data source used. Most of the data are reported without specific information about a serogroup. Data on the economic burden of disease and healthcare resource use are scarce. Based on mandatory notification data, a decrease in the incidence of notified IMD cases has been observed since 2004. Currently, the nationwide annual incidence in Germany is at 0.3 cases per 100,000 persons and has gradually decreased. While the overall decline is mainly attributable to MenB, cases with MenY and MenW are the only ones that have increased on a low level in recent years.
While IMD is a rare disease, high direct and indirect costs illustrate the relevance of the disease for patients, caregivers, as well as for the health care system. Future research should concentrate on quantifying the long-term economic burden and indirect costs of meningococcal disease. Integrated IMD surveillance with isolate characterisation remains crucial to inform public health policies.
侵袭性脑膜炎奈瑟菌病（IMD）在德国和其他欧洲国家是一种法定报告疾病。由于该疾病的高死亡率和长期后果的风险，尽管人群中的病例数量较少，但 IMD 的预防对公共卫生具有重要意义。本研究旨在描述德国 IMD 的关键流行病学和经济参数，以支持实施强化预防措施的国家决策过程。
基于对 PubMed 和 EMBASE 中系统文献的回顾，评估了截至 2020 年 5 月发表的所有关于 IMD 疾病负担和成本的出版物。此外，还使用通报数据报告了截至 2019 年底德国 IMD 的年度病例数和发病率。
共纳入 36 项研究，其中 35 项报告了疾病流行病学负担数据，3 项报告了 IMD 经济方面的数据。报告的 IMD 发病率的终点类型和结果因报告年份、人群和使用的数据来源而有很大差异。大多数数据是在没有关于血清型特定信息的情况下报告的。关于疾病经济负担和卫生保健资源使用的数据稀缺。基于强制性通报数据，自 2004 年以来，通报的 IMD 病例发病率呈下降趋势。目前，德国全国范围内的年发病率为每 10 万人 0.3 例，且呈逐渐下降趋势。虽然总体下降主要归因于 MenB，但近年来，MenY 和 MenW 引起的病例数量仅在低水平上有所增加。
尽管 IMD 是一种罕见疾病，但高直接和间接成本表明该疾病对患者、护理人员以及卫生保健系统具有重要意义。未来的研究应集中于量化脑膜炎奈瑟菌病的长期经济负担和间接成本。整合具有分离株特征的 IMD 监测仍然是为公共卫生政策提供信息的关键。
