跨越老年人生理认知老化的衔接模式。
Bridging patterns of neurocognitive aging across the older adult lifespan.
机构信息
Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, USA.
Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, USA.
出版信息
Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2022 Apr;135:104594. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104594. Epub 2022 Feb 25.
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies of brain and neurocognitive aging rarely include oldest-old adults (ages 80 +). But predictions of neurocognitive aging theories derived from MRI findings in younger-old adults (ages ~55-80) may not generalize into advanced age, particularly given the increased prevalence of cognitive impairment/dementia in the oldest-old. Here, we reviewed the MRI literature in oldest-old adults and interpreted findings within the context of regional variation, compensation, brain maintenance, and reserve theories. Structural MRI studies revealed regional variation in brain aging as larger age effects on medial temporal and posterior regions for oldest-old than younger-old adults. They also revealed that brain maintenance explained preserved cognitive functioning into the tenth decade of life. Very few functional MRI studies examined compensatory activity in oldest-old adults who perform as well as younger groups, although there was evidence that higher brain reserve in oldest-old adults may mediate effects of brain aging on cognition. Despite some continuity, different cognitive and neural profiles across the older adult lifespan should be addressed in modern neurocognitive aging theories.
磁共振成像（MRI）研究很少包括最年长的老年人（80 岁以上）的大脑和神经认知老化。但是，从较年轻的老年人（~55-80 岁）的 MRI 研究中得出的神经认知老化理论的预测可能不会推广到老年，特别是考虑到最年长的老年人认知障碍/痴呆的发病率增加。在这里，我们回顾了最年长的老年人的 MRI 文献，并在区域变化、补偿、大脑维持和储备理论的背景下解释了发现。结构 MRI 研究显示，大脑老化的区域变化较大，对于最年长的老年人，内侧颞叶和后区的年龄影响大于较年轻的老年人。他们还表明，大脑维持可以解释认知功能在生命的第十个十年中保持不变。很少有功能 MRI 研究检查了与年轻组表现相当的最年长的老年人的代偿性活动，尽管有证据表明，最年长的老年人的大脑储备较高可能会调节大脑老化对认知的影响。尽管存在一些连续性，但现代神经认知老化理论应该解决整个老年期不同的认知和神经特征。
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