Singapore Eye Research Institute (SERI), Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore.
Discipline of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Health, University of Canberra, Australia.
J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle. 2022 Apr;13(2):811-823. doi: 10.1002/jcsm.12930. Epub 2022 Mar 1.
Sensory impairments and sarcopenia are both highly prevalent age-related conditions, with the former having been postulated to contribute to the pathogenesis of the latter condition. Confirming this hypothesis may therefore help to better inform strategies for early treatment and intervention of sarcopenia. We performed a systematic review of the current literature examining the relationships between four major sensory impairments [vision (VI), hearing (HI), smell (SI), and taste (TI)] with (i) sarcopenia; and (ii) its associated components (low handgrip strength, slow gait speed, and low muscle mass). PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for observational studies investigating the relationship of VI, HI, SI, and TI with sarcopenia, low handgrip strength, slow gait speed, and low muscle mass, in adults aged 50 years or older, from inception until 24 May 2021. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. This study was registered with PROSPERO, reference CRD42021247967. Ten cross-sectional and three longitudinal population-based studies of community-dwelling adults (N = 68 235) were included, with five studies investigating more than one sensory impairment. In total, 8, 6, 3, and 1 studies investigated the relationship between VI, HI, SI, and TI and sarcopenia and its related components, respectively. Follow-up duration for the longitudinal studies ranged from 4 to 11 years. All studies had a low or moderate risk of bias. We found that the presence of VI and SI, but not TI, independently increased the odds of sarcopenia. In addition, VI and SI were each independently associated with low muscle mass; and VI, HI, and SI were each independently associated with slow gait speed. However, we found inconclusive evidence for the associations between VI, HI and SI, and low handgrip strength. Our systematic review suggests a potential association between the presence of single or multiple sensory impairments and a greater likelihood of sarcopenia and/or deficits in its associated components, especially for VI, HI, and SI. Prospective studies are needed to untangle the relationship between sensory impairment and sarcopenia to better inform clinical guidelines for disease prevention and management.
感觉障碍和肌肉减少症都是高度流行的与年龄相关的疾病，前者被认为有助于后者的发病机制。因此，证实这一假设可能有助于更好地为肌肉减少症的早期治疗和干预提供信息。我们对当前文献进行了系统回顾，检查了四种主要感觉障碍（视力（VI）、听力（HI）、嗅觉（SI）和味觉（TI））与（i）肌肉减少症；和（ii）其相关成分（握力低、步态速度慢和肌肉量低）之间的关系。使用 PubMed、EMBASE、CINAHL 和 Cochrane Library 数据库，从成立到 2021 年 5 月 24 日，检索了调查 VI、HI、SI 和 TI 与肌肉减少症、握力低、步态速度慢和肌肉量低关系的观察性研究。使用纽卡斯尔-渥太华量表评估纳入研究的偏倚风险。本研究在 PROSPERO 上注册，参考 CRD42021247967。共纳入 10 项横断面和 3 项基于人群的社区居住成年人（N=68235）研究，其中 5 项研究调查了一种以上感觉障碍。共有 8、6、3 和 1 项研究分别调查了 VI、HI、SI 和 TI 与肌肉减少症及其相关成分的关系。纵向研究的随访时间从 4 年到 11 年不等。所有研究的偏倚风险均较低或中等。我们发现，VI 和 SI 的存在，但不是 TI，独立增加了肌肉减少症的几率。此外，VI 和 SI 均与肌肉量低独立相关；而 VI、HI 和 SI 均与步态速度慢独立相关。然而，我们发现 VI、HI 和 SI 与握力低之间的关联证据不足。我们的系统综述表明，单一或多种感觉障碍的存在与肌肉减少症和/或其相关成分的可能性增加之间存在潜在关联，尤其是对于 VI、HI 和 SI。需要前瞻性研究来理清感觉障碍与肌肉减少症之间的关系，以便更好地为疾病预防和管理的临床指南提供信息。
