Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Higher School of Health Sciences (ESCS), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.
Graduation Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2022 Mar 2;17(3):e0264506. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264506. eCollection 2022.
Affirmative action providing higher education access for socially vulnerable students has been implemented in several countries. However, these policies remain controversial. This study compares the performance of students admitted through the regular path and social quota systems, during and after completion of nursing education, in a public nursing school in Brazil.
This retrospective cohort study included all students admitted to nursing school at the School of Health Sciences (ESCS), Brazil, between 2009 and 2014, who were followed until May 2020. The first phase involved document analysis from the ESCS academic management system and Brazilian government agencies. In the second phase, a survey was conducted among the alumni. The social quota system criterion was public school attendance across all primary and secondary education levels.
Of the 448 students included in the study, 178 (39.7%) were from the affirmative action and 270 (60.3%) from the regular path systems. Affirmative action students were older at the time of nursing school admission (p < 0.001) and took longer to be admitted to the nursing school (p < 0.001) after completing high school. There were no significant differences in the dropout rates and years to complete nursing school. In the second phase, 108 alumni answered the survey. No significant differences were found in their participation in the undergraduate scientific research program and university extension projects, attending residency programs, getting a master's degree and doctoral degree, monthly income, teaching activity, joining public service through a government job competition process, participation in management activities in the private and public health sector, and degree of job satisfaction.
Our results revealed that affirmative action is a policy that contributes to the reduction of inequalities and guarantees the training of nursing professionals with a similar professional qualification received through affirmative action and regular path systems.
为社会弱势群体学生提供高等教育机会的平权行动在多个国家得到了实施。然而，这些政策仍然存在争议。本研究比较了在巴西一所公立护理学校通过常规途径和社会配额系统入学的学生在完成护理教育期间和之后的表现。
这是一项回顾性队列研究，纳入了 2009 年至 2014 年期间在巴西卫生科学学院（ESCS）入学的所有护理专业学生，并对他们进行了随访，随访时间截至 2020 年 5 月。第一阶段涉及从 ESCS 学术管理系统和巴西政府机构进行文件分析。在第二阶段，对校友进行了调查。社会配额系统的标准是在所有小学和中学教育阶段就读于公立学校。
在纳入研究的 448 名学生中，178 名（39.7%）来自平权行动，270 名（60.3%）来自常规途径系统。平权行动学生在进入护理学校时年龄较大（p<0.001），在完成高中后进入护理学校的时间也较长（p<0.001）。辍学率和完成护理学业的年限没有显著差异。在第二阶段，有 108 名校友回答了调查。他们在参与本科科研计划和大学拓展项目、参加住院医师培训计划、获得硕士和博士学位、月收入、教学活动、通过政府工作竞争过程参与公共服务、参与私营和公共卫生部门的管理活动以及对工作的满意度方面没有显著差异。
我们的研究结果表明，平权行动是一项有助于减少不平等的政策，它保证了通过平权行动和常规途径系统培养的护理专业人员具有相似的专业资格。
