Biazotto Marize Lima de Sousa Holanda, Bittencourt Fernanda Viana, de Araújo Gilson Roberto, Soares Fernandes Sérgio Eduardo, Göttems Leila Bernarda Donato, Rodrigues Carlos Manoel Lopes, Neves Francisco de Assis Rocha, Amorim Fábio Ferreira
School of Medicine, School of Health Sciences (ESCS), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.
Graduation Program in Health Sciences, University of Brasília (UnB), Brasília, Federal District, Brazil.
Adv Med Educ Pract. 2022 Mar 14;13:251-263. doi: 10.2147/AMEP.S347387. eCollection 2022.
Affirmative action policies to provide access to higher education for socially vulnerable students have been implemented in several countries and have faced many questions nowadays. The aim of the study was to compare the socioeconomic background and performance during and after completing the undergraduate course of students admitted through the regular path and social quota systems in a public medical school in Brazil.
A retrospective cohort study including students admitted to a medical school within the School of Health Sciences (ESCS), in Brazil, between 2005 and 2012, and followed until May 2020. In the first phase, data collection was performed by analyzing documents from the ESCS academic management system and Brazilian government agencies. In the second phase, a survey with 12 questions was sent to the medical school alumni. The social quota system criteria were the public school attendance in all primary and secondary education levels.
Among 707 students, 204 (28.9%) were from the social quota and 503 (78.5%) from the regular path system. The place of residence of social quota students had a lower Human Development Index (p < 0.001) and per capita income (p < 0.001) when compared to regular path students. Regular path students were associated with the highest dropout from medical school (OR: 50.552, 95% CI: 12.438-205.453, p < 0.001). There was no difference between regular path and social quota students attending medical residency programs (OR: 1.780, 95% CI: 0.957-3.309, p = 0.069). Out of the 308 alumni who completed the survey, regular path students had more family members who were health professionals than social quota students (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences regarding monthly income, job satisfaction, employment, or management activities.
Affirmative action targeted students with a disadvantaged socioeconomic background. Regular path students had a higher dropout rate than social quota students.
一些国家已实施平权行动政策，以使社会弱势学生能够接受高等教育，如今这些政策面临诸多问题。本研究的目的是比较巴西一所公立医学院通过常规途径和社会配额系统录取的学生在本科课程学习期间及毕业后的社会经济背景和表现。
一项回顾性队列研究，纳入2005年至2012年间被巴西健康科学学院（ESCS）内一所医学院录取并随访至2020年5月的学生。在第一阶段，通过分析ESCS学术管理系统和巴西政府机构的文件进行数据收集。在第二阶段，向医学院校友发送了一份包含12个问题的调查问卷。社会配额系统的标准是在所有小学和中学教育阶段都就读于公立学校。
在707名学生中，204名（28.9%）来自社会配额，503名（78.5%）来自常规途径系统。与常规途径学生相比，社会配额学生的居住地人类发展指数较低（p < 0.001），人均收入也较低（p < 0.001）。常规途径学生从医学院辍学的比例最高（比值比：50.552，95%置信区间：12.438 - 205.453，p < 0.001）。参加医学住院医师培训项目的常规途径学生和社会配额学生之间没有差异（比值比：1.780，95%置信区间：0.957 - 3.309，p = 0.069）。在完成调查的308名校友中，常规途径学生中从事卫生专业工作的家庭成员比社会配额学生多（p < 0.001）。在月收入、工作满意度、就业或管理活动方面没有显著差异。
平权行动针对社会经济背景不利的学生。常规途径学生的辍学率高于社会配额学生。
