School of Social and Health Sciences, Leeds Trinity University, Brownberrie Lane, LS18 5HD, Leeds, UK.
Gambling Treatment and Research Clinic, School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
J Gambl Stud. 2022 Dec;38(4):1503-1528. doi: 10.1007/s10899-022-10108-8. Epub 2022 Mar 3.
Adolescent gambling can lead to significant harms, yet participation rates continue to rise. Interventions targeting gambling reduction have been implemented in this population. However, it is not clear which behavior change techniques (BCTs) and modes of delivery (MOD) are most effective at reducing gambling.
The objective of the study was to identify 'promising' BCTs and MODs by systematically reviewing interventions targeting adolescent gambling behavior. 'Promising' was defined as those present in at least 25% of all interventions and in at least two effective interventions.
Three databases were searched (PsycINFO, Medline, and Scopus) from database inception to May 2021. Interventions were eligible if they were randomized controlled trials; targeting adolescents (aged 10-25 years); and assessing gambling behavior post-intervention. BCTs were identified using the Behavior Change Technique Taxonomy v1.
From the initial 3,315 studies, the removal of duplicates and ineligible articles resulted in sixteen studies included in the review. Eleven of these reported successfully reducing gambling behavior. Eighteen BCTs and six MODs were used across the interventions. The BCTs identified as promising were '4.2. Information about antecedents', '4.4. Behavioral experiments', '5.3. Information about social and environmental consequences', and '5.6. Information about emotional consequences'. Promising MODs were 'face-to-face', 'computer', and 'playable electronic storage'.
The study reviewed the content of interventions targeting adolescent gambling behavior. Four BCTs were identified as promising and should therefore be adopted in future interventions. To facilitate the delivery of these techniques, the study also identified three promising MODs. Interventions developed using these BCTs and MODs may successfully reduce adolescent gambling behavior.
青少年赌博可能会造成严重危害，但参与率仍在上升。针对减少赌博的干预措施已经在这一人群中实施。然而，目前尚不清楚哪些行为改变技术（BCT）和传递模式（MOD）最能有效减少赌博。
本研究的目的是通过系统回顾针对青少年赌博行为的干预措施，确定“有希望”的 BCT 和 MOD。“有希望”的定义是指至少出现在所有干预措施的 25%和至少两种有效干预措施中的 BCT 和 MOD。
从数据库建立开始至 2021 年 5 月，在三个数据库（PsycINFO、Medline 和 Scopus）中进行了搜索。如果干预措施是随机对照试验；针对青少年（年龄 10-25 岁）；并且在干预后评估赌博行为，则符合纳入标准。使用行为改变技术分类学 v1 识别 BCT。
从最初的 3315 项研究中，通过去除重复项和不相关的文章，最终有 16 项研究纳入了综述。其中 11 项研究报告成功降低了赌博行为。这些干预措施共使用了 18 个 BCT 和 6 个 MOD。确定的有希望的 BCT 包括“4.2. 关于前因的信息”、“4.4. 行为实验”、“5.3. 关于社会和环境后果的信息”和“5.6. 关于情绪后果的信息”。有希望的 MOD 包括“面对面”、“计算机”和“可玩的电子存储”。
本研究回顾了针对青少年赌博行为的干预措施的内容。确定了四个有希望的 BCT，因此应在未来的干预措施中采用。为了促进这些技术的传递，该研究还确定了三个有希望的 MOD。使用这些 BCT 和 MOD 开发的干预措施可能会成功降低青少年的赌博行为。
