Universidade Federal da Integração Latino Americana (UNILA), Instituto Latino-Americano de Ciências da Vida e da Natureza, Laboratório de Limnologia, Foz do Iguaçu, Paraná, Brazil.
Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Instituto de Biologia, Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2022 Mar 3;17(3):e0264264. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264264. eCollection 2022.
Among the Neotropical gripopterygids, the genus Paragripopteryx occurs along the Brazilian Atlantic coast to Uruguay. Since its first recognition by Enderlein in 1909, the genus underwent a confusing taxonomic history with some combinations. In this study, we aim to revise Paragripopteryx and present the first morphology-based phylogeny for the genus. The analysis comprised 38 morphological characters and their respective states in 30 terminal taxa, including 13 Paragripopteryx species, two new species identified as belonging to Paragripopteryx, and 15 outgroup species, among which we can highlight 12 different South American genera and one Australian genus of Gripopterygidae. The cladistic analysis yielded a parsimonious tree for k = 3 (137 steps, consistency index = 0.445, and retention index = 0.591) where most Paragripopteryx are nested, except for Uruguayan Paragripopteryx munoai. We can then infer that in its current circumscription Paragripopteryx is polyphyletic. The following two species are described: Paragripopteryx dasalmas sp. nov. and Paragripopteryx ogum sp. nov. Paragripopteryx baratinii is designated as a nomen dubium. Additionally, we provide a key for species identification, updated geographical records, and illustrations for all species. As a corollary, our study gathers relevant morphological information that can help to better understand this genus and create foundations for the next steps.
在新热带握鱼龙科中，Paragripopteryx 属分布于巴西大西洋沿岸至乌拉圭。自 1909 年 Enderlein 首次发现以来，该属经历了一段令人困惑的分类历史，其中包括一些组合。在这项研究中，我们旨在修订 Paragripopteryx，并提出该属的第一个基于形态的系统发育。分析包括 38 个形态特征及其在 30 个末端分类群中的各自状态，其中包括 13 种 Paragripopteryx 物种、两种被确定为 Paragripopteryx 的新物种以及 15 个外群物种，其中我们可以突出 12 个不同的南美属和一个澳大利亚的 Gripopterygidae 属。分支分析得出了 k=3 的简约树（137 步，一致性指数为 0.445，保留指数为 0.591），其中大多数 Paragripopteryx 都嵌套在其中，除了乌拉圭的 Paragripopteryx munoai。因此，我们可以推断出，在其当前分类中，Paragripopteryx 是多系的。以下两个物种被描述：Paragripopteryx dasalmas sp. nov. 和 Paragripopteryx ogum sp. nov. Paragripopteryx baratinii 被指定为可疑名称。此外，我们提供了一个物种识别的关键，更新了地理记录，并为所有物种提供了插图。作为一个推论，我们的研究收集了相关的形态信息，这有助于更好地理解这个属，并为下一步奠定基础。
