Sidtis John J
Brain and Behavior Laboratory, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, United States.
Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States.
Front Neurosci. 2022 Feb 15;16:771594. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2022.771594. eCollection 2022.
Functional brain imaging has become the dominant approach to the study of brain-behavior relationships. Unfortunately, the behavior half of the equation has been relegated to second-class status when it is not ignored completely. Different approaches to connectivity, based on temporally correlated physiological events across the brain, have ascended in place of behavior. A performance-based analysis has been developed as a simple, basic approach to incorporating specific performance measures obtained during imaging into the analysis of the imaging data identifying clinically relevant regions.
This paper contrasts performance-based lateralized regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) predictors of speech rate during Positron Emission Tomography with the values of these regions and their opposite hemisphere homologs in which a performance-based model was not applied. Five studies were examined: two that utilized normal speakers, one that utilized ataxic speakers, and two that examined Parkinsonian speakers.
In each study, the predictors were lateralized but the blood flow values that contributed to the performance-based analysis were bilateral. The speech-rate predictor regions were consistent with clinical studies on the effects of focal brain damage.
This approach has identified a basic, reproducible blood flow network that has predicted speech rate in multiple normal and neurologic groups. While the predictors are lateralized consistent with lesion data, the blood flow values of these regions are neither lateralized nor distinguished from their opposite hemisphere homologs in their magnitudes. The consistent differences between regional blood flow values and their corresponding regression coefficients in predicting performance suggests the presence of functional meta-networks that orchestrate the contributions of specific brain regions in support of mental and behavioral functions.
功能性脑成像已成为研究脑-行为关系的主要方法。不幸的是，当行为这一因素未被完全忽视时，它在整个研究中也沦为了次要地位。基于大脑中时间相关生理事件的不同连接性研究方法已逐渐取代行为研究。基于表现的分析方法已被开发出来，作为一种简单的基本方法，将成像过程中获得的特定表现测量值纳入识别临床相关区域的成像数据分析中。
本文对比了正电子发射断层扫描期间基于表现的言语速率侧化区域脑血流量（CBF）预测指标与未应用基于表现模型的这些区域及其对侧半球同源区域的值。研究了五项研究：两项使用正常说话者，一项使用共济失调说话者，两项研究帕金森病说话者。
在每项研究中，预测指标是侧化的，但对基于表现分析有贡献的血流量值是双侧的。言语速率预测指标区域与局灶性脑损伤影响的临床研究一致。
这种方法已识别出一个基本的、可重复的血流量网络，该网络在多个正常和神经疾病群体中预测了言语速率。虽然预测指标与病变数据一致呈侧化，但这些区域的血流量值在大小上既没有侧化，也与对侧半球同源区域没有区别。区域血流量值与其相应回归系数在预测表现方面的一致差异表明存在功能性元网络，这些网络协调特定脑区的贡献以支持心理和行为功能。
