Van Lancker Sidtis Diana, Sidtis John J
Department of Communicative Sciences and Disorders, New York University Steinhardt School, New York, NY, USA; Brain and Behavior Laboratory, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA.
Brain and Behavior Laboratory, The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, Orangeburg, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
Brain Cogn. 2018 Oct;126:53-64. doi: 10.1016/j.bandc.2018.08.003. Epub 2018 Sep 1.
Formulaic language forms about one-fourth of everyday talk. Formulaic (fixed expressions) and novel (grammatical language) differ in important characteristics. The features of idioms, slang, expletives, proverbs, aphorisms, conversational speech formulas, and other fixed expressions include ranges of length, flexible cohesion, memory storage, nonliteral and situation meaning, and affective content. Neurolinguistic observations in persons with focal brain damage or progressive neurological disease suggest that producing formulaic expressions can be achieved by interactions between the right hemisphere and subcortical structures. The known functional characteristics of these structures form a compatible substrate for production of formulaic expressions. Functional imaging using a performance-based analysis supported a right hemisphere involvement in producing conversational speech formulas, while indicating that the pause fillers, uh and um, engage the left hemisphere and function like lexical items. Together these findings support a dual-process model of language, whereby formulaic and grammatical language are modulated by different cerebral structures.
公式化语言约占日常谈话的四分之一。公式化（固定表达）和新颖（语法性语言）在重要特征上有所不同。习语、俚语、咒骂语、谚语、格言、会话言语公式及其他固定表达的特征包括长度范围、灵活衔接、记忆存储、非字面及情境意义以及情感内容。对患有局灶性脑损伤或进行性神经疾病的人的神经语言学观察表明，公式化表达的产生可通过右半球与皮质下结构之间的相互作用来实现。这些结构已知的功能特征构成了产生公式化表达的兼容基础。基于表现分析的功能成像支持右半球参与会话言语公式的产生，同时表明停顿填充词“呃”和“嗯”涉及左半球且其功能类似于词汇项。这些发现共同支持了一种语言的双加工模型，即公式化语言和语法性语言由不同的脑结构调节。
