Federal University of Uberlândia (FAMED-UFU), Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
, Uberlândia City, Brazil.
Matern Child Health J. 2022 Jul;26(7):1496-1506. doi: 10.1007/s10995-022-03390-w. Epub 2022 Mar 4.
The aim of this study was to estimate the association between individual and contextual characteristics related to maternal work and exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in Latin America and the Caribbean.
A cross-sectional study, conducted with data from the Demographic and Health Survey of Bolivia (2008), Brazil (2006), Colombia (2010), the Dominican Republic (2007), Guatemala (2015), Haiti (2017), Honduras (2011) and Peru (2011). The sample included infants who were under 6 months of age and their mothers. The outcome was EBF (yes/no), individual predictors were maternal employment status (employed/not employed), type of occupation, and type of employment (formal/informal), and contextual predictors were gross domestic product, maternity leave, and percentage of women in the labor force. The association between maternal employment status and EBF was performed using multilevel Poisson analysis adjusted for maternal education level, presence of partner, place of residence, maternal age, type of childbirth, primiparity, wealth index and breastfeeding in the first hour of life.
The prevalence of EBF was 58.0% in Bolivia, 41.1% in Brazil, 39.2% in Colombia, 7.6% in the Dominican Republic, 50.8% in Guatemala, 39.7% in Haiti, 31.1% in Honduras, and 68.1% in Peru. The percentage of employed women ranged from 19.1% in the Dominican Republic to 46.1% in Bolivia. Maternal employment was negatively associated with EBF (Prevalence Ratio [PR] = 0.77; 95% CI 0.73, 0.82), while the highest percentage of women in the labor force of the country was positively associated with EBF (PR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.01, 1.06), with an increase in the PR value after the inclusion of gross domestic product in the model.
The prevalence of EBF was lower in infants whose mothers were employed. However, the prevalence of EBF was higher in countries with a larger percentage of women in the labor force.
本研究旨在评估与拉丁美洲和加勒比地区产妇工作相关的个体和背景特征与纯母乳喂养（EBF）之间的关联。
这是一项横断面研究，使用了玻利维亚（2008 年）、巴西（2006 年）、哥伦比亚（2010 年）、多米尼加共和国（2007 年）、危地马拉（2015 年）、海地（2017 年）、洪都拉斯（2011 年）和秘鲁（2011 年）的人口与健康调查数据。样本包括 6 个月以下的婴儿及其母亲。结果是 EBF（是/否），个体预测因子是产妇就业状况（就业/未就业）、职业类型和就业类型（正式/非正式），而背景预测因子是国内生产总值、产假和劳动力中女性的百分比。使用多水平泊松分析调整了产妇教育程度、伴侣存在、居住地、产妇年龄、分娩类型、初产、财富指数和生命最初一小时内的母乳喂养，对产妇就业状况与 EBF 之间的关联进行了分析。
在玻利维亚，EBF 的流行率为 58.0%，巴西为 41.1%，哥伦比亚为 39.2%，多米尼加共和国为 7.6%，危地马拉为 50.8%，海地为 39.7%，洪都拉斯为 31.1%，秘鲁为 68.1%。在多米尼加共和国，就业妇女的比例为 19.1%，而在玻利维亚则为 46.1%。产妇就业与 EBF 呈负相关（流行率比 [PR] = 0.77；95%CI 0.73，0.82），而国内劳动力中女性的比例与 EBF 呈正相关（PR = 1.03；95%CI 1.01，1.06），在模型中纳入国内生产总值后，PR 值增加。
母亲就业的婴儿 EBF 流行率较低。然而，劳动力中女性比例较大的国家，EBF 的流行率更高。
