Steurer Lisa M
School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Missouri-Kansas City, St. Louis, Missouri.
Public Health Nurs. 2017 May;34(3):286-294. doi: 10.1111/phn.12321. Epub 2017 Mar 10.
Breastfeeding is a global initiative of the World Health Organization and the U.S. domestic health agenda, Healthy People 2020; both recommend exclusive breastfeeding, defined as providing breast milk only via breast or bottle, through the first 6 months of an infant's life. Previous literature has shown the correlation between socioeconomic status and breastfeeding, with higher maternal education and income as predictors of sustained breastfeeding. This same population of women is more likely to be employed outside the home.
PubMed and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched using inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify the effect of maternity leave length and workplace policies on the sustainment of breastfeeding for employed mothers.
Common facilitators to sustainment of breastfeeding included longer length of maternity leave as well as adequate time and space for the pumping of breast milk once the mother returned to the workplace. Barriers included inconsistency in policy and the lack of enforcement of policies in different countries.
There is a lack of consistency globally on maternity leave length and workplace policy as determinants of sustained breastfeeding for employed mothers. A consistent approach is needed to achieve the goal of exclusive breastfeeding for infants.
母乳喂养是世界卫生组织的一项全球倡议，也是美国国内健康议程“健康人民2020”的内容；两者均建议进行纯母乳喂养，即婴儿出生后的前6个月仅通过乳房或奶瓶提供母乳。以往文献表明社会经济地位与母乳喂养之间存在关联，较高的母亲教育程度和收入是持续母乳喂养的预测因素。这同一群体的女性更有可能在外工作。
使用纳入和排除标准检索PubMed和Cochrane系统评价数据库，以确定产假时长和工作场所政策对在职母亲持续母乳喂养的影响。
持续母乳喂养的常见促进因素包括更长的产假时长，以及母亲返回工作岗位后有足够的时间和空间挤奶。障碍包括政策不一致以及不同国家政策执行不力。
在全球范围内，产假时长和工作场所政策作为在职母亲持续母乳喂养的决定因素缺乏一致性。需要采取一致的方法来实现婴儿纯母乳喂养的目标。
