Ferreira Camila S, Azeredo Catarina M, Rinaldi Ana Elisa M
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia. Av. Pará, Bloco 2u, 1720 - Umuarama, Uberlândia, MG38400-902, Brazil.
Public Health Nutr. 2021 Nov;24(16):5471-5480. doi: 10.1017/S1368980021000392. Epub 2021 Jan 27.
To analyse trends of social inequality in breastfeeding and infant formula (IF) use in Latin America between 1990 and 2010 decades.
Time-series cross-sectional study with data from Demographic and Health Surveys. We described the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), breastfeeding between 6 and 12 months (BF6-12) and IF for infants under 6 months (IF < 6) and between 6 and 12 months (IF6-12). Social inequalities were assessed using the slope index of inequality (SII) and concentration index (CIX). Trends in the prevalence of breastfeeding, IF and index of social inequality were analysed by a linear regression model with weighted least squares variance.
Bolivia, Colombia, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti and Peru.
51·358 alive infants younger than 12 months.
Five countries showed an increasing trend for EBF and BF6-12, four increased for IF < 6 and six for IF6-12. Simultaneous decrease in IF < 6 (Colombia: -0·3/year; Haiti: -0·02/year) and increase in EBF (Colombia: +2·0/year; Haiti: +1·9/year) were observed only in two countries. EBF prevalence was high in the lowest income quintiles in five countries, and IF prevalence was high in the highest income quintiles in all countries and over the decades. For BF6-12, a decrease in inequality (prevalence increased in the highest quintile) was observed in Guatemala (SII1995 = -0·42; SII2015 = -0·28) and the Dominican Republic (SII1996 = -0·54; SII2013 = -0·26). Guatemala was the only country showing a decrease in inequality for BF (SII = -0·005; CIX = -0·0035) and an increase for IF (SII = 0·022; CIX = 0·01).
The inequality in BF and IF remained over time. However, inequality in IF < 6 has decreased because low-income infants have increased use and high-income infants have decreased.
分析1990年至2010年这几十年间拉丁美洲母乳喂养和婴儿配方奶粉（IF）使用方面的社会不平等趋势。
利用人口与健康调查数据进行的时间序列横断面研究。我们描述了纯母乳喂养（EBF）、6至12个月母乳喂养（BF6 - 12）以及6个月以下婴儿（IF < 6）和6至12个月婴儿（IF6 - 12）使用婴儿配方奶粉的患病率。使用不平等斜率指数（SII）和集中指数（CIX）评估社会不平等。通过加权最小二乘方差线性回归模型分析母乳喂养、婴儿配方奶粉使用情况及社会不平等指数的趋势。
玻利维亚、哥伦比亚、多米尼加共和国、危地马拉、海地和秘鲁。
51358名12个月以下的存活婴儿。
五个国家的纯母乳喂养和6至12个月母乳喂养呈上升趋势，四个国家6个月以下婴儿配方奶粉使用增加，六个国家6至12个月婴儿配方奶粉使用增加。仅在两个国家观察到6个月以下婴儿配方奶粉使用量同时下降（哥伦比亚：-0.3/年；海地：-0.02/年）以及纯母乳喂养增加（哥伦比亚：+2.0/年；海地：+1.9/年）。在五个国家中，最低收入五分位数人群的纯母乳喂养患病率较高，在所有国家以及这几十年间最高收入五分位数人群的婴儿配方奶粉使用率较高。对于6至12个月母乳喂养，危地马拉（SII1995 = -0.42；SII2015 = -0.28）和多米尼加共和国（SII1996 = -0.54；SII2013 = -0.2）观察到不平等程度下降（最高五分位数患病率增加）。危地马拉是唯一一个母乳喂养不平等程度下降（SII = -0.005；CIX = -0.0035）且婴儿配方奶粉使用不平等程度增加（SII = 0.022；CIX = 0.01）的国家。
母乳喂养和婴儿配方奶粉使用方面的不平等现象长期存在。然而，6个月以下婴儿配方奶粉使用的不平等程度有所下降，因为低收入婴儿使用量增加而高收入婴儿使用量减少。
