ProBiomechanics LLC, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.
Exponent Inc., Farmington Hills, Michigan.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2022;23(4):169-175. doi: 10.1080/15389588.2022.2033974. Epub 2022 Mar 4.
This study determined the type of striking vehicle or object associated with serious injury to at least 1 occupant in the vehicle struck in the rear.
The 1990-2015 NASS-CDS was analyzed for light vehicles involved in rear crashes. The type of vehicle struck in the rear resulting in serious injury to at least 1 occupant was determined. Rear impacts were identified with GAD1 = B without rollover (rollover ≤ 0). Vehicles with serious to maximum injury were identified as VAIS 3 to 6 (VAIS 3+). The type of striking vehicle or object was determined for the rear impacts causing serious injury. The risk and relative risk for serious injury were determined. Review of electronic cases was conducted for light vehicles with serious injury (VAIS 3+) in impacts by tractor-trailers or large trucks.
The highest risk for serious injury to an occupant in the struck vehicle was from a tractor-trailer or large truck (2.71%), followed by a fixed object (1.49%) and van (1.00%). The average risk was 0.33%. The relative risk was 8.2 times for impact with a tractor-trailer or large truck and 4.5 times for impact with a fixed object. The highest risk impacts with a fixed object were rear impacts into a tree/bush (3.57%) and pole (2.90%). Tractor-trailers and large trucks accounted for 16.2% of serious injury in struck vehicles, followed by fixed objects at 12.9%; the 2 accounted for 29.1% of serious injury to occupants of struck vehicles. The case review identified 22 tractor-trailer and 1 large truck crashes involving 31 seriously injured occupants in the struck vehicle. There were 2 general crash scenarios associated with serious injury. One involved intrusion deforming the occupant compartment. The other involved vehicle accelerations sufficient to seriously injure an occupant in the struck vehicle without significant deformation to the occupant compartment.
This study provides insight into the striking vehicle or object associated with serious injury to light vehicle occupants in rear impacts. Tractor-trailer impacts into the rear of a vehicle involved a high risk for serious injury in the struck vehicle. The use of collision mitigation technologies, such as forward collision warning or automatic emergency braking, on the tractor-trailer may support better speed control and lead to lower closing velocities of rear impacts to light vehicles.
本研究旨在确定与至少 1 名车内乘员严重受伤相关的撞击车辆或物体的类型，这些乘员位于被撞击车辆的后部。
对 1990-2015 年 NASS-CDS 中涉及后碰撞的轻型车辆进行分析。确定导致至少 1 名车内乘员严重受伤的被撞击车辆的类型。通过 GAD1=B 无翻车（翻车≤0）识别后碰撞。将车辆严重至最大损伤定义为 VAIS 3 至 6（VAIS 3+）。确定造成严重受伤的后碰撞中撞击车辆或物体的类型。确定严重受伤的风险和相对风险。对轻型车辆因拖拉机拖车或大型卡车碰撞而导致严重受伤（VAIS 3+）的电子病例进行了审查。
被撞击车辆中乘员严重受伤的最高风险来自拖拉机拖车或大型卡车（2.71%），其次是固定物体（1.49%）和货车（1.00%）。平均风险为 0.33%。与拖拉机拖车或大型卡车碰撞的相对风险为 8.2 倍，与固定物体碰撞的相对风险为 4.5 倍。与固定物体碰撞的最高风险是后碰撞进入树木/灌木（3.57%）和电线杆（2.90%）。拖拉机拖车和大型卡车占被撞击车辆严重受伤的 16.2%，其次是固定物体占 12.9%；两者共占被撞击车辆乘员严重受伤的 29.1%。病例审查确定了 22 起涉及 31 名被撞击车辆中严重受伤乘客的拖拉机拖车和 1 起大型卡车事故。有 2 种一般碰撞情况与严重受伤有关。一种涉及侵入物使乘员舱变形。另一种涉及车辆加速，足以使被撞击车辆中的乘员严重受伤，而乘员舱没有明显变形。
本研究提供了有关轻型车辆后部碰撞中与车内乘员严重受伤相关的撞击车辆或物体的见解。拖拉机拖车撞击车辆后部导致被撞击车辆严重受伤的风险很高。在拖拉机拖车上使用碰撞缓解技术，如前向碰撞警告或自动紧急制动，可能有助于更好地控制速度，并降低轻型车辆后部碰撞的闭合速度。
