State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Room 2058, N22 Research Building, Macao SAR, China.
Department of Public Health and Medicinal Administration, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Room 1046, E12 Research Building, Macao SAR, China.
BMC Infect Dis. 2022 Mar 4;22(1):218. doi: 10.1186/s12879-022-07191-y.
Understanding the intention of receiving COVID-19 vaccines is important to inform effective vaccination strategies. This study aimed to investigate such intention, identify the key influencing factors, and determine the most important intention predictors using a theoretically principled model.
An online, cross-sectional survey method was implemented in Macao in May 2021. People aged 18 years or above and residing in Macao for 12 months prior to the study were recruited through social media. Intention to receive COVID-19 vaccines and the main constructs of the protection motivation theory and the health belief model were the main measures encompassing threat appraisal, intrapersonal characteristics, cues to action, coping appraisal, past experiences and information seeking behavior. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression were used for data analysis.
A total of 552 valid responses were received. Among the respondents, 79.5% aged between 25 and 54 years old, 59.4% were female, and 88% had a bachelor degree or above; 62.3% of the respondents indicated their intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination while 19.2% were hesitant and 18.5% did not have any intention. While 67.0% believed COVID-19 infection was life-threatening, only 19.0% thought they were at risk of getting infected. Control variables such as age, gender, education level, and having travel plans were significantly correlated with intention. Significant associations between intention with perceived severity, perceived susceptibility, maladaptive response reward, self-efficacy, response-efficacy, response cost, social attitude, social norm, past experience and information seeking behavior were identified (P < 0.05). The most important positive predictors of intention were "being able to make arrangement to receive the vaccine" (β = 0.333, P < 0.001), "a sense of social responsibility" (β = 0.326, P < 0.001), and "time off from work after vaccination" (β = 0.169, P < 0.001), whereas "concerns over vaccine safety" (β = - 0.124, P < 0.001) and "relying on online resources for vaccine information" (β = - 0.065, P < 0.05) were negative predictors. Perceived severity in terms of COVID-19 being a life threatening illness was not a predictor of intention.
This study reaffirmed that intention to receive COVID-19 vaccination is an ongoing concern in the combat of the pandemic. Multi-component strategies to enhance health literacy that supports well-informed decision-making, increase vaccination convenience, promote social responsibility, and provide time-off incentives are among the key considerations in designing and improve vaccination campaigns in Macao.
了解接种新冠疫苗的意愿对于制定有效的疫苗接种策略至关重要。本研究旨在通过一个有理论依据的模型，调查这种意愿，确定主要影响因素，并确定最重要的意愿预测因素。
2021 年 5 月在澳门采用在线横断面调查方法。通过社交媒体招募年龄在 18 岁及以上且在研究前 12 个月在澳门居住的人群。疫苗接种意愿和保护动机理论及健康信念模型的主要结构是主要措施，包括威胁评估、个体特征、线索提示、应对评估、既往经历和信息寻求行为。采用描述性统计、皮尔逊相关和多元线性回归进行数据分析。
共收到 552 份有效回复。受访者中，25-54 岁者占 79.5%，女性占 59.4%，本科及以上学历者占 88%；62.3%的受访者表示有接种新冠疫苗的意愿，19.2%的人犹豫不决，18.5%的人没有任何意愿。虽然 67.0%的人认为新冠感染是危及生命的，但只有 19.0%的人认为自己有感染风险。年龄、性别、教育程度和旅行计划等控制变量与意愿显著相关。意愿与感知严重性、感知易感性、适应不良反应奖励、自我效能、反应效能、反应成本、社会态度、社会规范、既往经历和信息寻求行为之间存在显著关联（P<0.05）。最重要的积极意愿预测因素是“能够安排接种疫苗”（β=0.333，P<0.001）、“社会责任感”（β=0.326，P<0.001）和“接种疫苗后的休假时间”（β=0.169，P<0.001），而“对疫苗安全性的担忧”（β=-0.124，P<0.001）和“依赖在线资源获取疫苗信息”（β=-0.065，P<0.05）则是消极的预测因素。感知到新冠是一种危及生命的疾病的严重性并不是意愿的预测因素。
本研究再次证实，接种新冠疫苗的意愿是抗击疫情的一个持续关注点。在设计和改善澳门的疫苗接种活动时，应考虑增加健康素养的多方面策略，支持知情决策、增加接种便利性、促进社会责任感，并提供休假激励。
