National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Division of Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China.
Infect Dis Poverty. 2022 Mar 4;11(1):22. doi: 10.1186/s40249-022-00944-6.
With the progress of globalization, international mobility increases, greatly facilitating cross-border transmission of respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs). This study aimed to analyze the epidemiological characteristics and factors influencing imported RIDs, with the goal of providing evidence to support adoption of high-tech, intelligent methods to early find imported RIDs and prevent their spread in China.
We obtained data of imported RIDs cases from 2014 to 2018 from the Inbound Sentinel Network of Customs and the National Notifiable Diseases Reporting System in China. We analyzed spatial, temporal, and population distribution characteristics of the imported RIDs. We developed an index to describe seasonality. Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine associations between independent variables and imported cases. Data analyses and visualizations were conducted with R software.
From a total of 1 409 265 253 inbound travelers, 31 732 (2.25/100 000) imported RIDs cases were reported. RIDs cases were imported from 142 countries and five continents. The incidence of imported RIDs was nearly 5 times higher in 2018 (2.81/100 000) than in 2014 (0.58/100 000). Among foreigners, incidence rates were higher among males (5.32/100 000), 0-14-year-olds (15.15/100 000), and cases originating in Oceania (11.10/100 000). The vast majority (90.3%) of imported RIDs were influenza, with seasonality consistent with annual seasonality of influenza. The spatial distribution of imported RIDs was different between Chinese citizens and foreigners. Increases in inbound travel volume and the number of influenza cases in source countries were associated with the number of imported RIDs.
Our study documented importation of RIDs into China from 142 countries. Inbound travel poses a significant risks bringing important RIDs to China. It is urgent to strengthen surveillance at customs of inbound travelers and establish an intelligent surveillance and early warning system to prevent importation of RIDs to China for preventing further spread within China.
随着全球化的发展，国际间的流动性增加，极大地促进了呼吸道传染病（RID）的跨境传播。本研究旨在分析输入性 RID 的流行病学特征和影响因素，为采用高科技、智能化方法早期发现输入性 RID 并防止其在中国传播提供依据。
我们从中国海关入境哨点网络和国家法定传染病报告系统中获取了 2014 年至 2018 年的输入性 RID 病例数据。我们分析了输入性 RID 的时空和人群分布特征。我们制定了一个指标来描述季节性。使用 Pearson 相关系数来检验自变量与输入性病例之间的关联。数据分析和可视化使用 R 软件进行。
在总共 1409265253 名入境旅客中，报告了 31732 例（2.25/100000）输入性 RID 病例。RID 病例来自 142 个国家和五大洲。与 2014 年（0.58/100000）相比，2018 年输入性 RID 的发病率（2.81/100000）几乎高出 5 倍。在外国人中，男性（5.32/100000）、0-14 岁儿童（15.15/100000）和起源于大洋洲（11.10/100000）的发病率较高。绝大多数（90.3%）输入性 RID 为流感，具有与流感年度季节性一致的季节性。输入性 RID 的空间分布在中国人和外国人之间存在差异。入境旅游量的增加和来源国流感病例的增加与输入性 RID 病例的数量有关。
本研究记录了来自 142 个国家的 RID 传入中国。入境旅行给中国带来了重大的 RID 传入风险。迫切需要加强对入境旅客的海关监测，并建立智能监测和预警系统，以防止 RID 传入中国，防止在中国境内进一步传播。
