Department of Medicine, UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.
BMJ Open Diabetes Res Care. 2022 Mar;10(2). doi: 10.1136/bmjdrc-2021-002722.
The purpose of this prospective observational cohort study was to examine sex differences in glycemic measures, diabetes-related complications, and rates of postdischarge emergency room (ER) visits and hospital readmissions in non-critically ill, hospitalized patients with diabetes.
Demographic data including age, body mass index, race, blood pressure, reason for admission, diabetes medications at admission and discharge, diabetes-related complications, laboratory data (hematocrit, creatinine, hemoglobin A1c, point-of-care blood glucose measures), length of stay (LOS), and discharge disposition were collected. Patients were followed for 90 days following hospital discharge to obtain information regarding ER visits and readmissions.
120 men and 100 women consented to participate in this study. There were no sex differences in patient demographics, diabetes duration or complications, or LOS. No differences were observed in the percentage of men and women with an ER visit or hospital readmission within 30 (39% vs 33%, p=0.40) or 90 (60% vs 49%, p=0.12) days of hospital discharge. More men than women experienced hypoglycemia prior to discharge (18% vs 8%, p=0.026). More women were discharged to skilled nursing facilities (p=0.007).
This study demonstrates that men and women hospitalized with an underlying diagnosis of diabetes have similar preadmission glycemic measures, diabetes duration, and prevalence of diabetes complications. More men experienced hypoglycemia prior to discharge. Women were less likely to be discharged to home. Approximately 50% of men and women had ER visits or readmissions within 90 days of hospital discharge.
NCT03279627.
本前瞻性观察队列研究旨在探讨非危重症住院糖尿病患者的血糖指标、糖尿病相关并发症以及出院后急诊室（ER）就诊和再入院率的性别差异。
收集人口统计学数据，包括年龄、体重指数、种族、血压、入院原因、入院和出院时的糖尿病药物、糖尿病相关并发症、实验室数据（红细胞压积、肌酐、血红蛋白 A1c、即时血糖测量值）、住院时间（LOS）和出院去向。患者在出院后 90 天内进行随访，以获取有关 ER 就诊和再入院的信息。
共有 120 名男性和 100 名女性同意参与本研究。患者的人口统计学特征、糖尿病病程或并发症、LOS 无性别差异。在 30 天（39%对 33%，p=0.40）或 90 天（60%对 49%，p=0.12）内，男性和女性的 ER 就诊或再入院比例无差异。在出院前，男性发生低血糖的比例高于女性（18%对 8%，p=0.026）。更多女性出院至康复护理机构（p=0.007）。
本研究表明，因基础诊断为糖尿病而住院的男性和女性患者的入院前血糖指标、糖尿病病程和糖尿病并发症的患病率相似。更多男性在出院前发生低血糖。女性出院回家的可能性较小。约 50%的男性和女性在出院后 90 天内有 ER 就诊或再入院。
NCT03279627。
