School of Nursing, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Faculty of Education, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming, China; Department of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatric & Child Primary Care, Brain and Behavioral Research Unit of Shanghai Institute for Pediatric Research, MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory for Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
J Pediatr Nurs. 2022 Jul-Aug;65:e49-e55. doi: 10.1016/j.pedn.2022.02.006. Epub 2022 Mar 3.
This study aimed to assess psychological distress and its gender difference in parents of children with ASD. Predictive factors for parental psychological distress and interaction effects between parents were also explored.
A cross-sectional study was conducted for parents of children with ASD and 683 mother-father dyads were included in the analyses.
Mothers of children with severe autistic symptoms reported significantly higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression than fathers. The prevalence of moderate-to-severe anxiety and depression for mothers was 13.8% and 13.1%, respectively. The corresponding prevalence for fathers was 9.9% and 8.0%, respectively. A college education or above protected against maternal stress and an only child predicted paternal stress. Child social impairment predicted maternal but not paternal psychological distress. Stress was a significant predictor of anxiety and depression for both parents. Paternal stress and anxiety moderated the relationship between child's social impairment and maternal stress, and paternal anxiety moderated the relationship between child's social impairment and maternal depression.
The gender difference in the parental psychological distress depends on the severity of children's autistic symptoms. Child social impairment exerts significant effects on mothers' psychological distress and parental stress contributes to anxiety and depression for both parents. The psychological distress of fathers moderates the relationship between child social impairment and maternal psychological distress.
Health-care professionals should pay special attention to parents who are susceptible to psychological distress. Social skill interventions for children and stress reduction programs for parents are recommended to promote parental psychological well-being.
本研究旨在评估 ASD 儿童父母的心理困扰及其性别差异。还探讨了父母心理困扰的预测因素以及父母之间的交互作用。
进行了一项 ASD 儿童父母的横断面研究，共纳入 683 对母子或父子。
患有严重自闭症症状的儿童的母亲报告的压力、焦虑和抑郁水平明显高于父亲。母亲中度至重度焦虑和抑郁的患病率分别为 13.8%和 13.1%。父亲的相应患病率分别为 9.9%和 8.0%。接受过大学教育或以上的父母可以预防母亲的压力，独生子可以预测父亲的压力。儿童的社交障碍预测母亲的心理困扰，但不预测父亲的心理困扰。压力是父母焦虑和抑郁的重要预测因素。父亲的压力和焦虑调节了儿童社交障碍与母亲压力之间的关系，父亲的焦虑调节了儿童社交障碍与母亲抑郁之间的关系。
父母心理困扰的性别差异取决于儿童自闭症症状的严重程度。儿童的社交障碍对母亲的心理困扰有显著影响，而父母的压力会导致父母双方的焦虑和抑郁。父亲的心理困扰调节了儿童社交障碍与母亲心理困扰之间的关系。
医疗保健专业人员应特别关注易受心理困扰影响的父母。建议对儿童进行社交技能干预和对父母进行减压计划，以促进父母的心理健康。
