新生儿胃肠急症：放射学评价。
Neonatal gastrointestinal emergencies: a radiological review.
机构信息
Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
出版信息
Arch Pediatr. 2022 Apr;29(3):159-170. doi: 10.1016/j.arcped.2022.01.016. Epub 2022 Mar 3.
BACKGROUND
Abdominal emergencies in neonates require surgical management in almost all cases and complications may include bowel perforation, sepsis, shock, and even death. Radiological imaging has become a very important aid in the clinical setting as it shortens time to diagnosis.
OBJECTIVE
The objective of this review is to discuss the more prevalent neonatal gastrointestinal emergencies, review appropriate imaging options, and illustrate common radiological presentations of these entities.
CONCLUSION
Despite advancements in imaging techniques, it is important to keep in mind that neonates have a higher susceptibility to the adverse effects of ionizing radiation, and therefore radiography and ultrasonography remain the main diagnostic modalities for ruling out the diseases with the worst prognosis. Other modalities (fluoroscopy, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging) may have limited use in very specific conditions. All providers in an emergency department should be familiar with the basic radiological findings that may indicate a gastrointestinal emergency, especially in health institutions that do not have 24-h radiologist coverage.
背景
新生儿腹部急症几乎都需要外科处理，并发症可能包括肠穿孔、脓毒症、休克，甚至死亡。放射影像学已成为临床诊断中非常重要的辅助手段，因为它可以缩短诊断时间。
目的
本综述旨在讨论更常见的新生儿胃肠道急症，回顾适当的影像学选择，并说明这些疾病的常见放射学表现。
结论
尽管影像学技术有所进步，但重要的是要记住，新生儿对电离辐射的不良影响更敏感，因此放射摄影和超声检查仍然是排除预后最差疾病的主要诊断方法。其他方式（透视、计算机断层扫描和磁共振成像）在特定情况下可能有有限的应用。急诊室的所有医护人员都应该熟悉可能提示胃肠道急症的基本放射学表现，特别是在没有 24 小时放射科医生覆盖的医疗机构。
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