Fenton Caroline, Keam Susan J
Springer Nature, Mairangi Bay, Private Bag 65901, Auckland, 0754 New Zealand.
Drugs Ther Perspect. 2022;38(3):112-126. doi: 10.1007/s40267-022-00897-8. Epub 2022 Feb 28.
Numerous treatments exist for COVID-19, the illness caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus, although most are not well established; among these are several small molecule antiviral agents. Intravenous remdesivir is an established treatment worldwide for inpatients and in some countries is also available for use in non-hospitalised high risk patients to prevent progression to severe disease and hospitalization. Oral molnupiravir and oral nirmatrelvir-ritonavir are also available in several countries to prevent progression to severe disease and hospitalization for high-risk outpatients. Many other antiviral small molecules that may have therapeutic potential are under investigation in clinical trials. This article provides a summary of key molecular targets, pharmacology and preliminary data on the efficacy and safety of small molecule antiviral agents being investigated for the treatment of COVID-19.
针对由严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒2（SARS-CoV-2）病毒引起的新冠肺炎（COVID-19）存在多种治疗方法，不过大多数方法尚未得到充分验证；其中包括几种小分子抗病毒药物。静脉注射瑞德西韦是全球范围内针对住院患者的一种既定治疗方法，在一些国家，它也可用于非住院的高危患者，以防止病情发展为重症并避免住院。口服莫努匹拉韦和口服奈玛特韦-利托那韦在一些国家也可用于预防高危门诊患者病情发展为重症并避免住院。许多其他可能具有治疗潜力的抗病毒小分子正在临床试验中进行研究。本文总结了正在研究用于治疗COVID-19的小分子抗病毒药物的关键分子靶点、药理学以及疗效和安全性的初步数据。
