Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia.
Faculty of Military Pharmacy, Republic of Indonesia Defense University, Bogor, Indonesia.
Drug Des Devel Ther. 2022 Feb 28;16:521-531. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S346892. eCollection 2022.
Acrylamide is a genotoxic substance that can be found in cigarette smoke. Acrylamide is metabolized by the CYP2E1 enzyme in the body to form glycidamides, an epoxide that is reactive to DNA and can form carcinogenic adducts. Therefore, exposure to acrylamide can potentially cause cancer. This study aims to analyze the levels of acrylamide and glycidamide in dried blood spot samples of smokers using propanamide as an internal standard and non-smokers as the control subjects.
Dried blood spot samples were extracted using the protein precipitation method and then analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Mass detection was performed using positive type electro spray ionization and multiple reaction monitoring type with / 72.0>55.02 for acrylamide, 88.1>45.0 for glycidamide, and 74.0>57.1 for propanamide as the internal standard.
Acrylamide and glycidamide levels in the dried blood spot sample of smokers ranged between 3.91 -10.25 µg/mL and 1.006-3.58 µg/mL, respectively. Data of the non-smokers on acrylamide and glycidamide levels were 0.75-3.16 µg/mL and 0-0.91 µg/mL.
The significant value of acrylamide and glycidamide between smokers and non-smokers was p < 0.05, which showed that there is a significant difference between acrylamide and glycidamide concentration in smokers and non-smoker subjects. The results of this study suggest that dried blood spots can be used to determine acrylamide and glycidamide levels in humans. Theoretically, acrylamide and glycidamide concentration should correlate to each other; however in reality, there are other factors (such as CYP2E1 polymorphism, dietary intake, etc) that can cause variation in their respective concentration.
丙烯酰胺是一种存在于香烟烟雾中的遗传毒性物质。丙烯酰胺在体内通过 CYP2E1 酶代谢为缩水甘油酰胺，一种具有反应性的环氧化物，可以与 DNA 形成致癌加合物。因此，接触丙烯酰胺可能会导致癌症。本研究旨在使用丙酰胺作为内标，分析吸烟人群和非吸烟人群干血斑样本中的丙烯酰胺和缩水甘油酰胺水平。
使用蛋白沉淀法提取干血斑样本，然后通过液相色谱-串联质谱法进行分析。采用正电喷雾电离和多重反应监测型进行质量检测，丙烯酰胺为 72.0>55.02，缩水甘油酰胺为 88.1>45.0，丙酰胺为 74.0>57.1 作为内标。
吸烟者干血斑样本中的丙烯酰胺和缩水甘油酰胺水平分别为 3.91-10.25µg/mL 和 1.006-3.58µg/mL。非吸烟者的丙烯酰胺和缩水甘油酰胺水平分别为 0.75-3.16µg/mL 和 0-0.91µg/mL。
吸烟者和非吸烟者之间丙烯酰胺和缩水甘油酰胺的显著性值为 p<0.05，表明吸烟者和非吸烟者之间丙烯酰胺和缩水甘油酰胺浓度存在显著差异。本研究结果表明，干血斑可用于测定人体中的丙烯酰胺和缩水甘油酰胺水平。理论上，丙烯酰胺和缩水甘油酰胺的浓度应该相互关联；然而，在现实中，还有其他因素（如 CYP2E1 多态性、饮食摄入等）会导致它们各自浓度的变化。
