Rizzi Damiano, Asperges Erika, Rovati Anna, Bigoni Francesca, Pistillo Elena, Corsico Angelo, Mojoli Francesco, Perlini Stefano, Bruno Raffaele
Fondazione Soleterre Strategie di Pace ONLUS, Milan, Italy.
Unit of Emergency Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo Foundation, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
Front Psychol. 2022 Feb 17;12:820074. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.820074. eCollection 2021.
Burnout is a well-documented entity in Care Workers population, affecting up to 50% of physicians, just as it is equally well established that managing an infectious disease outbreaks, such as confirmed in the COVID-19 pandemic, increases Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) and the psychological burden. Mental health support, in the form of formal or remote sessions, has been shown to be helpful to health care staff, despite the organizational difficulties in an emergency. During the first emergence of COVID-19 in Italy, the Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care (Pavia, Lombardy), the Italian hospital that treated "patient 1," has activated an agreement with the , an international Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) that manages health emergency projects, to provide psychological support. A task force of psychologists was created with the aim of designing and administering a (TMHA COVID-19 CWs) to evaluate and support health care workers' mental health. The assessment battery was developed to evaluate symptoms and behaviors associated with trauma and the corresponding maladaptive behaviors (the National Stressful Events Survey for PTSD-Short Scale "NSESSS" and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders "DSM-5" Self-Rated Level 1 transversal Symptom Measure-Adult). Once the TMHA COVID-19 CWs had been developed, the team of psychologists regularly visited healthcare staff in the ward to administer it. One hundred seven care workers (44 males, mean age 40 ± 15) across Intensive Care Units (ICUs), the emergency room and medical ward were administered the TMHA COVID-19 CWs. PTSD symptoms were reported as severe by 13% of the population. Depressive symptoms as severe for 7% and Anxiety symptoms as severe for 14%. Severe psychotic symptoms were experienced by 2% and severe suicidal thoughts by 1% of the population. The possibility of acting upon the results of the TMHA COVID-19 CWs allowed an early intervention through individual session beyond the cut-off level (moderate and severe symptoms) for PTSD in NSESSS. In fact, 280 individual support sessions were offered. Therefore, we considered our project a protective and support factor for healthcare workers' mental well-being and we recommend implementing a mental health screening program in ward involved in COVID-19 patients' care.
职业倦怠在医护人员群体中是一个有充分文献记载的现象，影响着高达50%的医生，同样，正如在新冠疫情中所证实的那样，应对传染病疫情会增加创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）和心理负担。事实证明，无论是正式的还是远程的心理健康支持对医护人员都有帮助，尽管在紧急情况下存在组织方面的困难。在意大利首次出现新冠疫情期间，治疗“1号患者”的意大利医院——位于伦巴第大区帕维亚的科研、住院治疗与医疗保健科学研究所，与一个管理卫生应急项目的国际非政府组织达成协议，以提供心理支持。为此成立了一个心理学家特别工作组，旨在设计并实施一项“新冠疫情医护人员心理健康评估（TMHA COVID - 19 CWs）”，以评估并支持医护人员的心理健康。该评估量表旨在评估与创伤相关的症状和行为以及相应的适应不良行为（用于创伤后应激障碍的全国应激事件调查简表“NSESSS”和《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》“DSM - 5”成人自评一级横向症状量表）。一旦制定好“新冠疫情医护人员心理健康评估（TMHA COVID - 19 CWs）”，心理学家团队就定期到病房对医护人员进行施测。对重症监护病房（ICU）、急诊室和内科病房的107名医护人员（44名男性，平均年龄40±15岁）进行了“新冠疫情医护人员心理健康评估（TMHA COVID - 19 CWs）”。报告显示，13%的人有严重的创伤后应激障碍症状。7%的人有严重的抑郁症状，14%的人有严重的焦虑症状。2%的人有严重的精神病症状，1%的人有严重的自杀念头。基于“新冠疫情医护人员心理健康评估（TMHA COVID - 19 CWs）”的结果采取行动的可能性，使得能够通过超出NSESSS中创伤后应激障碍临界值水平（中度和重度症状）的个体辅导进行早期干预。事实上，共提供了280次个体支持辅导。因此，我们认为我们的项目是医护人员心理健康的保护和支持因素，并建议在参与新冠患者护理的病房实施心理健康筛查项目。
