Department of Epidemiology, Fay W. Boozman College of Public Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 W. Markham St., #820, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA.
Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Mail Drop A3-05 111 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA.
Eur J Nutr. 2022 Aug;61(5):2711-2723. doi: 10.1007/s00394-022-02837-8. Epub 2022 Mar 7.
Carotenoids may protect against chronic diseases including cancer and cardiometabolic disease by mitigating oxidative stress and/or inflammation. We cross-sectionally evaluated associations between carotenoids and biomarkers of oxidative stress or inflammation.
From 2003 to 2009, the Sister Study enrolled 50,884 breast cancer-free US women aged 35-74. Post-menopausal participants (n = 512) were randomly sampled to measure carotenoids and biomarkers of oxidative stress. Dietary carotenoid consumption was assessed using a validated 110-item Block 1998 food frequency questionnaire; use of β-carotene-containing supplements was also assessed. Plasma carotenoids were quantified, adjusting for batch. Urinary markers of lipid peroxidation, 8-iso-prostaglandin F (8-iso-PGF) and its metabolite (8-iso-PGF-M) were also measured. Since the biomarker 8-iso-PGF can reflect both oxidative stress and inflammation, we used a modeled 8-iso-PGF to prostaglandin F ratio approach to distinguish effects reflecting oxidative stress versus inflammation. Multivariable linear regression was used to assess the associations of dietary and plasma carotenoids with the estimated biomarker concentrations.
Total plasma carotenoids were inversely associated with 8-iso-PGF-M concentrations (P for trend across quartiles = 0.009). Inverse trends associations were also seen for α-carotene and β-carotene. In contrast, lutein/zeaxanthin showed associations with both 8-iso-PGF and 8-iso-PGF-M concentrations. The inverse association for total carotenoids appeared to be specific for oxidative stress (chemical 8-iso-PGF; P = 0.04 and P for trend across quartiles = 0.02). The pattern was similar for α-carotene. However, lutein/zeaxanthin tended to have a stronger association with enzymatic 8-iso-PGF, suggesting an additional anti-inflammatory effect. Supplemental β-carotene was inversely associated with both 8-iso-PGF and 8-iso-PGF-M concentrations, as well as with both chemical and enzymatic 8-iso-PGF. Dietary carotenoids were not associated with either biomarker.
Plasma carotenoids and supplemental β-carotene were associated with lower concentrations of 8-iso-PGF metabolite. Plasma carotenoids associations may reflect antioxidant effects.
类胡萝卜素通过减轻氧化应激和/或炎症，可能对包括癌症和心血管代谢疾病在内的慢性疾病起到预防作用。我们对类胡萝卜素与氧化应激或炎症生物标志物之间的关联进行了横断面评估。
2003 年至 2009 年，姐妹研究招募了 50884 名无乳腺癌的美国 35-74 岁女性。（n=512）随机抽取绝经后参与者测量类胡萝卜素和氧化应激生物标志物。使用经过验证的 110 项 Block 1998 食物频率问卷评估膳食类胡萝卜素的摄入量；还评估了β-胡萝卜素补充剂的使用情况。通过调整批次，对血浆类胡萝卜素进行量化。还测量了尿液脂质过氧化标志物 8-异前列腺素 F（8-iso-PGF）及其代谢物（8-iso-PGF-M）的浓度。由于生物标志物 8-iso-PGF 既可以反映氧化应激，也可以反映炎症，因此我们使用模拟的 8-iso-PGF 对前列腺素 F 比值方法来区分反映氧化应激与炎症的影响。使用多变量线性回归评估膳食和血浆类胡萝卜素与估计生物标志物浓度之间的关联。
总血浆类胡萝卜素与 8-iso-PGF-M 浓度呈负相关（四分位数趋势检验 P=0.009）。α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素也呈负相关趋势。相比之下，叶黄素/玉米黄质与 8-iso-PGF 和 8-iso-PGF-M 浓度均有关联。总类胡萝卜素的负相关关系似乎是特异性的氧化应激（化学 8-iso-PGF；P=0.04，四分位数趋势检验 P=0.02）。α-胡萝卜素也呈现类似的模式。然而，叶黄素/玉米黄质与酶促 8-iso-PGF 呈更强的关联，提示其具有额外的抗炎作用。补充β-胡萝卜素与 8-iso-PGF 和 8-iso-PGF-M 浓度以及化学和酶促 8-iso-PGF 均呈负相关。膳食类胡萝卜素与两种生物标志物均无关。
血浆类胡萝卜素和补充β-胡萝卜素与 8-iso-PGF 代谢物浓度较低有关。血浆类胡萝卜素的相关性可能反映了抗氧化作用。
