UNESP - São Paulo State University, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Plant Systematics, Campus Jaboticabal, CEP 14884-900, SP, Brazil.
Department of Plant Cytology and Embryology, Institute of Botany, Faculty of Biology, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, Gronostajowa 9 St., 30-387 Cracow, Poland.
Gene. 2022 May 25;824:146391. doi: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146391. Epub 2022 Mar 6.
Sequenced genomic data for carnivorous plants are scarce, especially regarding the mitogenomes (MTs) and further studies are crucial to obtain a better understanding of the topic. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the mitochondrial genome of the tuberous carnivorous plant Genlisea tuberosa, being the first of its genus to be sequenced. The genome comprises 729,765 bp, encoding 80 identified genes of which 36 are protein-coding, 40 tRNA, four rRNA genes, and three pseudogenes. An intronic region from the cox1 gene was identified that encodes an endonuclease enzyme that is present in the other sequenced species of Lentibulariaceae. Chloroplast genes (pseudogene and complete) inserted in the MT genome were identified, showing possible horizontal transfer between organelles. In addition, 50 pairs of long repeats from 94 to 274 bp are present, possibly playing an important role in the maintenance of the MT genome. Phylogenetic analysis carried out with 34 coding mitochondrial genes corroborated the positioning of the species listed here within the family. The molecular dynamism in the mitogenome (e.g. the loss or pseudogenization of genes, insertion of foreign genes, the long repeats as well as accumulated mutations) may be reflections of the carnivorous lifestyle where a significant part of cellular energy was shifted for the adaptation of leaves into traps molding the mitochondrial DNA. The sequence and annotation of G. tuberosa's MT will be useful for further studies and serve as a model for evolutionary and taxonomic clarifications of the group as well as improving our comprehension of MT evolution.
肉食植物的基因组序列数据稀缺，尤其是关于线粒体基因组（mitogenomes，MTs），进一步的研究对于更好地理解这一主题至关重要。在这项研究中，我们对肉质食虫植物 Genlisea tuberosa 的线粒体基因组进行了测序和特征描述，这是该属中第一个被测序的物种。该基因组包含 729,765 bp，编码 80 个已鉴定的基因，其中 36 个是蛋白质编码基因，40 个 tRNA，4 个 rRNA 基因和 3 个假基因。鉴定到 cox1 基因中的内含子区域，该内含子编码存在于其他已测序的狸藻科物种中的内切酶。鉴定到插入 MT 基因组中的质体基因（假基因和完整基因），表明细胞器之间可能存在水平转移。此外，存在 50 对来自 94 到 274 bp 的长重复序列，可能在 MT 基因组的维持中发挥重要作用。使用 34 个编码线粒体基因进行的系统发育分析证实了这里列出的物种在该科中的位置。线粒体基因组中的分子动态性（例如基因的缺失或假基因化、外源基因的插入、长重复序列以及积累的突变）可能反映了肉食性生活方式，其中细胞能量的很大一部分被转移到叶片的适应上，形成了捕捉器，从而塑造了线粒体 DNA。G. tuberosa 的 MT 的序列和注释将有助于进一步的研究，并作为该组进化和分类澄清以及提高我们对 MT 进化理解的模型。
