Miach P J
Med J Aust. 1986;145(3-4):146-50. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1986.tb113775.x.
Cyclosporin A is a novel, powerful immunosuppressive agent. It is a cyclic polypeptide and is one of several metabolites of a number of soil fungi. Its main effect is directed against the helper T lymphocyte. Thus, cyclosporin A represents the first of a new generation of immunosuppressive agents that are capable of selective rather than broad spectrum activity. The immunosuppressive properties of cyclosporin A have been applied successfully to prevent the rejection of transplanted organs both in animals and humans. Clinically, it has been used in the management of transplanted kidneys, hearts, lungs, livers and, to some degree, pancreases and bone marrow. It is also finding some application in the control of various autoimmune conditions. The clinical use of cyclosporin A is still in an early phase and several aspects have not been defined optimally. The most common and troublesome side-effect is nephrotoxicity. Other adverse effects include hirsutism, gum hypertrophy and mild psychiatric disturbances as well as involvement of the gastrointestinal tract, liver and central nervous system.
环孢素A是一种新型强效免疫抑制剂。它是一种环多肽，是多种土壤真菌的几种代谢产物之一。其主要作用针对辅助性T淋巴细胞。因此，环孢素A代表了新一代能够产生选择性而非广谱活性的免疫抑制剂中的第一种。环孢素A的免疫抑制特性已成功应用于预防动物和人类移植器官的排斥反应。临床上，它已用于移植肾、心、肺、肝的治疗，在一定程度上也用于胰腺和骨髓移植。它在控制各种自身免疫性疾病方面也有一些应用。环孢素A的临床应用仍处于早期阶段，几个方面尚未得到最佳界定。最常见且麻烦的副作用是肾毒性。其他不良反应包括多毛症、牙龈增生、轻度精神障碍以及胃肠道、肝脏和中枢神经系统受累。
