Ptachcinski R J, Burckart G J, Venkataramanan R
Drug Intell Clin Pharm. 1985 Feb;19(2):90-100. doi: 10.1177/106002808501900202.
Cyclosporine is an immunosuppressant used to prevent the rejection of transplanted kidneys, hearts, and livers. Cyclosporine suppresses T-lymphocyte function without causing myelosuppression, and its pharmacokinetics are highly variable. Compared with conventional immunosuppressive drug therapy, both patient and graft survival improved in patients treated with cyclosporine. Patients treated with cyclosporine also had less complicated hospital courses than patients receiving conventional immunosuppressants. The adverse effects from cyclosporine are reversible but include nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, malignancies, hirsutism, and minor neurologic complications. Intravenous cyclosporine doses range from 2-9 mg/kg/d and oral doses range from 10-50 mg/kg/d; the dosage should be individualized based on the clinical status of the patient as well as blood concentrations of the drug. Monitoring cyclosporine blood concentrations is necessary in the postoperative management of transplant patients. Cyclosporine has contributed to the improved success of transplantation and the recognition of transplantation as a new therapeutic option for several diseases.
环孢素是一种免疫抑制剂，用于预防移植肾、心脏和肝脏的排斥反应。环孢素可抑制T淋巴细胞功能而不引起骨髓抑制，其药代动力学差异很大。与传统免疫抑制药物治疗相比，接受环孢素治疗的患者的患者和移植物存活率均有所提高。接受环孢素治疗的患者的住院病程也比接受传统免疫抑制剂治疗的患者更简单。环孢素的不良反应是可逆的，但包括肾毒性、肝毒性、恶性肿瘤、多毛症和轻微的神经并发症。静脉注射环孢素的剂量范围为2-9mg/kg/d，口服剂量范围为10-50mg/kg/d；应根据患者的临床状况以及药物的血药浓度进行个体化给药。在移植患者的术后管理中，监测环孢素血药浓度是必要的。环孢素有助于提高移植成功率，并使移植被认可为几种疾病的一种新的治疗选择。
