Institute of Nursing Science and Practice, Paracelsus Medical University, Strubergasse 21, 5020, Salzburg, Austria.
Department of Palliative Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
J Relig Health. 2022 Apr;61(2):1469-1489. doi: 10.1007/s10943-022-01522-8. Epub 2022 Mar 9.
Israel is one of the few countries worldwide with a national policy and defined standards of palliative care (PC); its culture is highly diverse and more traditionally oriented in comparison with Western countries. This study describes the current state of PC in Israel through examination of: (1) its current status, self-image and structural factors; (2) its relation to cultural and political characteristics; and (3) the chances, goals and obstacles of advancing PC in Israel. Face-to-face interviews were conducted at all five public medical faculties in Israel from November 2017 to February 2018. The following findings are reported: (1) definition of palliative care, (2) multidisciplinary approach, (3) special role of nurses, (4) personal perceptions of death, (5) understanding the role of medicine, (6) specialty palliative medicine, (7) religious, spiritual and cultural aspects, (8) political and economic aspects, (9) obstacles and weaknesses, and (10) prospects and goals of palliative care. Participants perceive PC as an integrative healthcare service that should be available to all patients, including children and their families, at any stage of illness. They internalize that PC principles apply regardless of ethnic, cultural, and religious background. Utilizing nurses' leadership, enhancing multidisciplinary teamwork, and person-centered approach, supports better PC to more people.
以色列是全球少数几个拥有国家政策和明确的姑息治疗(PC)标准的国家之一;与西方国家相比,其文化更加多样化,更具传统性。本研究通过考察以下几个方面来描述以色列目前的 PC 状况:(1)其现状、自我形象和结构因素;(2)与文化和政治特征的关系;以及(3)在以色列推进 PC 的机会、目标和障碍。2017 年 11 月至 2018 年 2 月,在以色列的五所公立医学院进行了面对面的访谈。报告了以下发现:(1)姑息治疗的定义,(2)多学科方法,(3)护士的特殊角色,(4)个人对死亡的看法,(5)对医学角色的理解,(6)专业姑息医学,(7)宗教、精神和文化方面,(8)政治和经济方面,(9)障碍和弱点,以及(10)姑息治疗的前景和目标。参与者将 PC 视为一种综合医疗服务,应向所有患者提供,包括儿童及其家庭,无论疾病处于何种阶段。他们内化了 PC 原则适用于任何种族、文化和宗教背景。利用护士的领导能力、加强多学科团队合作以及以人为本的方法,为更多的人提供更好的 PC。