传统夏季山地牧场与现代无放牧牛舍奶牛的运动行为比较。
Locomotion behavior of dairy cows on traditional summer mountain farms in comparison with modern cubicle housing without access to pasture.
机构信息
Clinic for Ruminants, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
Veterinary Public Health Institute, Vetsuisse-Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2022 Mar 9;17(3):e0264320. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264320. eCollection 2022.
Pasture based systems enable cattle to express their natural behavior and are thus expected to provide better welfare than the majority of confinement systems. The aim of this study was to objectively measure locomotion activity of healthy dairy cattle kept on mountain pastures (n = 44) compared with cows kept in cubicle housing systems (n = 38). Selected cows were equipped with a validated 3D-accelerometer on one hind limb, and locomotion behavior was recorded for 48 hours. The 1-hour summaries of the variables lying time, walking time, standing bouts, walking bouts and number of strides were summed up to 24-hour summaries, and the means of the stride distance and stride duration were weighted by the variable number of strides. Mountain pasture cows had higher locomotor activity levels in comparison to cubicle cows. Mountain pasture cows spent less time lying down (528.1±109.5 min/day vs. 693.3±73.8 min/day; P<0.0001) and more time walking (75.6±25.9 min/day vs. 38.8±15.8 min/day; P <0.0001) than cubicle cows. Lying bout duration was longer in cubicle than in mountain pasture cows (90.9± 15.2 min/bout vs. 74.2 ± 21.1 min/bout; P = 0.0001), whilst the number of walking bouts was higher in mountain pasture cows than cubicle cows (199.1 ± 49.1 vs. 123.8 ± 43.8 bouts per day; P < 0.001). Likewise, the number of strides was higher in mountain pasture cows than cubicle cows (2040.5 ± 825.3 vs. 916.7 ± 408.6; P < 0.001). Mountain pasture cows had shorter stride duration (P < 0.0001) and shorter strides (P = 0.0002) than cubicle cows (1.8 ± 0.1 s/stride vs 2 ± 0.2 s/stride and 126.3 ± 18.1 vs 142.1 ± 17.8 m/stride, respectively). In summary, cows kept on mountain pasture were more active and spent longer than 12 hours / day standing. Lying markedly less than 12 hours per day seems to represent the normal behavior of pastured cows searching for fresh grass. This does not cause any obvious damage to the locomotor system as claws of cattle are well adapted to long periods of movement on mountain pastures.
基于草地的系统使牛能够表现出其自然行为，因此被期望提供比大多数封闭式系统更好的福利。本研究的目的是客观地测量健康奶牛在山地牧场上的运动活动（n=44）与在牛舍系统中饲养的奶牛（n=38）的运动活动。选择的奶牛在一条后腿上配备了经过验证的 3D 加速度计，并记录了 48 小时的运动行为。躺着时间、行走时间、站立时间、行走时间和步数的 1 小时摘要被汇总到 24 小时摘要中，并且步幅距离和步幅持续时间的平均值通过变量步数加权。与牛舍牛相比，山地牧场上的奶牛具有更高的运动活动水平。与牛舍奶牛相比，山地牧场上的奶牛每天躺着的时间更少（528.1±109.5 min/天 vs. 693.3±73.8 min/天；P<0.0001），行走的时间更多（75.6±25.9 min/天 vs. 38.8±15.8 min/天；P<0.0001）。与牛舍奶牛相比，牛舍奶牛的躺着时间更长（90.9±15.2 min/次 vs. 74.2 ± 21.1 min/次；P=0.0001），而行走次数更多（199.1±49.1 次/天 vs. 123.8±43.8 次/天；P<0.001）。同样，牛舍奶牛的步数多于牛舍奶牛（2040.5±825.3 次/天 vs. 916.7±408.6 次/天；P<0.001）。山地牧场上的奶牛的步幅持续时间（P<0.0001）和步幅（P=0.0002）均短于牛舍奶牛（1.8±0.1 s/步 vs 2±0.2 s/步和 126.3±18.1 vs 142.1±17.8 m/步）。总之，在山地牧场上饲养的奶牛更活跃，每天站立时间超过 12 小时。每天明显少于 12 小时的躺着时间似乎代表了放牧奶牛寻找新鲜草料的正常行为。这不会对运动系统造成任何明显的损害，因为牛的蹄子非常适应山地牧场上的长时间运动。
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