School of Family Life.
Arizona State University.
J Fam Psychol. 2022 Sep;36(6):851-862. doi: 10.1037/fam0000978. Epub 2022 Mar 10.
The family stress model (FSM) suggests that stress, particularly economic stress, hinders effective parenting. Expanding on the FSM, the present study examined not only the economic stress but also the general stress and several contexts that may promote stress-namely, physical health, mental health, socioeconomic status, employment status, and marital status. The present study also expanded the FSM to examine parenting of sibling groups. Ineffective parenting of sibling groups was conceptualized as greater parental differential treatment (PDT). A number of moderating variables were also considered. Multilevel meta-analysis models were used to test hypotheses. Across models, data came from 6,003 effect sizes, nested within 59 sources, nested within 16 unique samples (all coming from 8 published studies and 11 raw data sets). Results showed main effects for only parents' general stress and parents' mental health. More stress and poorer mental health were linked with greater amounts of PDT. Additionally, poorer physical health was linked to greater PDT but only when PDT involved positive parent-child interactions. As a whole, findings suggested that actual feelings of stress and psychological distress may show stronger links with PDT than contexts that merely have the potential to cause stress. Caution is warranted, however, as effect sizes were generally small and some models were based on predominantly Caucasian samples. Future research on the FSM and PDT should focus on actual experiences of stress and further consider the moderating role of domains of parenting. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
家庭压力模型（FSM）表明，压力，尤其是经济压力，会阻碍有效的育儿。本研究扩展了 FSM，不仅考察了经济压力，还考察了一般压力以及可能增加压力的几个情境，即身体健康、心理健康、社会经济地位、就业状况和婚姻状况。本研究还将 FSM 扩展到了对兄弟姐妹群体的育儿研究。兄弟姐妹群体中无效的育儿方式被概念化为父母的差异对待（PDT）更多。还考虑了一些调节变量。使用多层次元分析模型来检验假设。在所有模型中，数据来自 6003 个效应量，嵌套在 59 个来源中，嵌套在 16 个独特的样本中（均来自 8 项已发表的研究和 11 个原始数据集）。结果显示，只有父母的一般压力和父母的心理健康对父母的 PDT 有主要影响。更多的压力和更差的心理健康与更大的 PDT 相关。此外，较差的身体健康与更大的 PDT 相关，但仅在 PDT 涉及积极的亲子互动时才相关。总体而言，研究结果表明，实际的压力感和心理困扰可能与 PDT 有更强的联系，而那些仅仅有潜在压力的情境则没有。但是需要谨慎，因为效应量通常较小，并且一些模型主要基于白人群体样本。未来关于 FSM 和 PDT 的研究应关注实际的压力体验，并进一步考虑育儿领域的调节作用。
