Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Nutrients. 2022 Feb 25;14(5):978. doi: 10.3390/nu14050978.
Red and processed meat consumption has been consistently associated with increased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC), but the association for fish intake is unclear. Evidence using objective dietary assessment approaches to evaluate these associations is sparse.
We aim to investigate the plasma metabolite profiles related to red meat, poultry, and fish consumption and examine their associations with CRC risk.
We measured plasma metabolites among 5269 participants from the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), NHSII, and Health Professionals Follow-Up study (HPFS). We calculated partial Spearman correlations between each metabolite and self-reported intake of seven red meat, poultry, and fish groups. Metabolite profile scores correlated to self-reported dietary intakes were developed using elastic net regression. Associations between self-reported intakes, metabolite profile scores, and subsequent CRC risk were further evaluated using conditional logistic regression among 559 matched (1:1) case-control pairs in NHS/HPFS and replicated among 266 pairs in Women's Health Study.
Plasma metabolites, especially highly unsaturated lipids, were differentially associated with red meat and fish groups. Metabolite profile scores for each food group were significantly correlated with the corresponding self-reported dietary intake. A higher dietary intake of processed red meat was associated with a higher risk of CRC (pooled OR per 1 SD, 1.15; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.29). In contrast, higher metabolite profile scores for all fish groups, not dietary intakes, were consistently associated with a lower CRC risk: the pooled OR per 1 SD was 0.86 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.96) for total fish, 0.86 (95% CI: 0.77, 0.96) for dark meat fish, and 0.87 (95% CI: 0.78, 0.97) for canned tuna fish. No significant associations were found for other food groups.
Red meat and fish intake exhibited systematically different plasma metabolite profiles. Plasma metabolite profile of fish intake was inversely associated with CRC risk.
摄入红色肉类和加工肉类与结直肠癌（CRC）风险增加相关，但鱼类摄入与 CRC 风险的关系尚不清楚。使用客观的饮食评估方法评估这些关联的证据很少。
我们旨在研究与红色肉类、家禽和鱼类摄入相关的血浆代谢物谱，并研究它们与 CRC 风险的关系。
我们测量了来自护士健康研究（NHS）、NHSII 和健康专业人员随访研究（HPFS）的 5269 名参与者的血浆代谢物。我们计算了每个代谢物与自我报告的七种红色肉类、家禽和鱼类摄入量之间的部分 Spearman 相关系数。使用弹性网络回归方法，根据代谢物谱得分与自我报告的饮食摄入量之间的相关性，建立代谢物谱得分。在 NHS/HPFS 中，对 559 对（1:1）病例对照匹配的参与者中，进一步评估自我报告的摄入量、代谢物谱得分与随后 CRC 风险之间的关联，并在妇女健康研究中对 266 对进行了复制。
血浆代谢物，尤其是高度不饱和脂质，与红色肉类和鱼类群体有差异关联。每种食物组的代谢物谱得分与相应的自我报告饮食摄入量显著相关。加工红肉的摄入量越高，CRC 风险越高（每标准差 1 SD 的汇总 OR，1.15；95%CI：1.03，1.29）。相比之下，所有鱼类组的代谢物谱得分越高（1 SD 每标准分的汇总 OR 为 0.86；95%CI：0.78，0.96），而不是饮食摄入量越高，CRC 风险越低：总鱼类的汇总 OR 为 0.86（95%CI：0.77，0.96），深色鱼肉鱼类的汇总 OR 为 0.86（95%CI：0.77，0.96），金枪鱼罐头鱼类的汇总 OR 为 0.87（95%CI：0.78，0.97）。其他食物组未发现显著关联。
红色肉类和鱼类的摄入量表现出系统性不同的血浆代谢物谱。鱼类摄入的血浆代谢物谱与 CRC 风险呈负相关。
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