Sugarman B
Am J Med. 1986 Jul 28;81(1A):78-84. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(86)90517-6.
Hundreds of thousands of people have temporary or permanent prosthetic devices inserted each year in the United States. Infection rates associated with these devices vary depending upon numerous factors; however, overall, several percent of these devices become associated with infection. Diagnosis of these infections can be complicated by underlying disease, surgery, or the prosthesis itself, making it difficult to ascertain whether abnormalities of routine diagnostic studies are caused by infection. Specific diagnostic tests are usually required to confirm the presence of infection and identify the causative organism. The frequent isolation of skin organisms (such as Staphylococcus epidermidis) as the pathogen can also cause confusion as to whether the culture was contaminated. Fortunately, treatment of these infections is usually successful, although removal of the prosthetic device is often necessary. Recent laboratory and clinical studies that demonstrate various steps in the development of these infections and their response to treatment will help to better determine the optimal prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of these infections.
在美国，每年有数十万人植入临时或永久性假体装置。与这些装置相关的感染率因众多因素而异；然而，总体而言，有百分之几的此类装置会发生感染。这些感染的诊断可能会因基础疾病、手术或假体本身而变得复杂，难以确定常规诊断检查的异常是否由感染引起。通常需要进行特定的诊断测试来确认感染的存在并鉴定致病微生物。作为病原体频繁分离出皮肤微生物（如表皮葡萄球菌）也可能导致对培养物是否被污染产生混淆。幸运的是，这些感染的治疗通常是成功的，尽管通常需要移除假体装置。最近的实验室和临床研究展示了这些感染发展的各个步骤及其对治疗的反应，这将有助于更好地确定这些感染的最佳预防、诊断和治疗方法。
