Goldstein D B
Ann Emerg Med. 1986 Sep;15(9):1013-8. doi: 10.1016/s0196-0644(86)80120-2.
Ethanol disrupts the physical structure of cell membranes. The most fluid membranes, including those that are low in cholesterol, are the most easily disordered by ethanol. Although the membrane-disordering effect is small, there is pharmacological, temporal, and genetic evidence that it is important. Animals that are resistant to ethanol intoxication because of their genetic background or because of previous exposure to ethanol are found to have brain membranes that are not easily disordered in vitro. An exception is the increased behavioral sensitivity in aging animals, which is not matched by changes in their membranes. When animals are treated chronically with ethanol, their membranes become stiffer, a response that can be regarded as adaptive. Ethanol may favor the uptake of cholesterol or saturated fatty acids into membranes, thus reducing its own effect.
乙醇会破坏细胞膜的物理结构。流动性最强的膜，包括那些胆固醇含量低的膜，最容易被乙醇扰乱。尽管膜紊乱效应较小，但有药理学、时间和遗传学证据表明它很重要。由于遗传背景或先前接触过乙醇而对乙醇中毒具有抗性的动物，其脑膜在体外不易紊乱。衰老动物行为敏感性增加是个例外，其脑膜变化与之不匹配。当动物长期用乙醇处理时，它们的膜会变得更硬，这种反应可被视为适应性反应。乙醇可能有利于胆固醇或饱和脂肪酸进入膜内，从而降低其自身的影响。
