Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway.
Department of Production Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, P.O. Box 5003, 1433 Ås, Norway.
Int J Mol Sci. 2022 Mar 4;23(5):2833. doi: 10.3390/ijms23052833.
Bacteriocins are emerging as a viable alternative to antibiotics due to their ability to inhibit growth or kill antibiotic resistant pathogens. Herein, we evaluated the ability of the bacteriocin Garvicin KS (GarKS) produced by KS1546 isolated from cow milk to inhibit the growth of fish and foodborne bacterial pathogens. We found that GarKS inhibited the growth of five fish strains isolated from infected trout and eels. Among fish pathogens, GarKS inhibited the growth of serotypes Ia and Ib, and but did not inhibit the growth of . In addition, it inhibited the growth of strain 6421 but not strain 6422 and . There was no inhibition of three foodborne bacterial species, namely , , and . In vitro cytotoxicity tests using different GarKS concentrations showed that the highest concentration of 33 µg/mL exhibited low cytotoxicity, while concentrations ≤3.3 µg/mL had no cytotoxicity on CHSE-214 and RTG-2 cells. In vivo tests showed that zebrafish larvae treated with 33 µg/mL and 3.3 µg/mL GarKS prior to challenge had 53% and 48% survival, respectively, while concentrations ≤0.33 µg/mL were nonprotective. Altogether, these data show that GarKS has a broad inhibitory spectrum against Gram positive and negative bacteria and that it has potential applications as a therapeutic agent for a wide range of bacterial pathogens. Thus, future studies should include clinical trials to test the efficacy of GarKS against various bacterial pathogens in farmed fish.
由于其抑制生长或杀死抗生素耐药病原体的能力，细菌素作为抗生素的替代品正在兴起。在此，我们评估了从牛奶中分离出的 KS1546 产生的细菌素 Garvicin KS (GarKS) 抑制鱼类和食源性细菌病原体生长的能力。我们发现 GarKS 抑制了从感染的鳟鱼和鳗鱼中分离出的五种鱼类菌株的生长。在鱼类病原体中，GarKS 抑制了血清型 Ia 和 Ib 的生长，但不抑制 。此外，它抑制了菌株 6421 的生长，但不抑制菌株 6422 和 。三种食源性细菌物种，即 、 和 ，不受抑制。使用不同 GarKS 浓度的体外细胞毒性试验表明，最高浓度 33 µg/mL 表现出低细胞毒性，而浓度≤3.3 µg/mL 对 CHSE-214 和 RTG-2 细胞没有细胞毒性。体内试验表明，在 challenged 之前用 33 µg/mL 和 3.3 µg/mL GarKS 处理的斑马鱼幼虫的存活率分别为 53%和 48%，而浓度≤0.33 µg/mL 则没有保护作用。总之，这些数据表明 GarKS 对革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌具有广泛的抑制谱，并且作为治疗剂对广泛的细菌病原体具有潜在的应用。因此，未来的研究应包括临床试验，以测试 GarKS 对养殖鱼类中各种细菌病原体的疗效。
