Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kobe Women's University, Kobe 654-8585, Hyogo, Japan.
Faculty of Human Science, Tezukayama Gakuin University, Sakai 590-0113, Osaka, Japan.
Nutrients. 2022 Jan 24;14(3):506. doi: 10.3390/nu14030506.
We investigated seasonal changes in food intake, energy metabolism, and physical activity (PA) and explored their associations with body composition. In total, 28 women aged 20−23 years in the Kansai area of Japan participated in this year-long study spanning the winter, spring, and summer seasons. A dietary investigation was performed using the weight recording method, and the amount of histidine in the diet, which may be related to the regulation of energy intake, was calculated. Resting metabolic rate (RMR), body composition, and PA were measured using indirect calorimetry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, and uniaxial accelerometry, respectively. The results showed that energy intake was highest in winter, decreased significantly with increasing temperature, and decreased by 25% in summer. As the intake of histidine in the diet did not increase in summer, it did not seem to be involved in the suppression of energy intake. RMR was highest in winter and decreased significantly in summer by 20%. The amount of PA was low in winter, increased significantly in the spring, and decreased again in summer. Body weight increased in winter, with an accumulation of fat in the trunk and arms, and decreased in summer, with a reduction in the amount of fat. Greater energy intake and less PA in winter induced an increment in body weight despite the increase in RMR. There were no significant changes in lean body mass between the seasons; however, the muscle weight of the lower limbs increased significantly in spring and in summer compared with that in winter (p < 0.001). Thus, seasonal changes in food intake, energy metabolism, and PA occur, with resultant changes in the body composition under comfortable air-conditioned environments.
我们研究了食物摄入、能量代谢和身体活动（PA）的季节性变化，并探讨了它们与身体成分的关系。共有 28 名年龄在 20-23 岁的日本关西地区女性参与了这项为期一年的研究，涵盖了冬季、春季和夏季。通过称重法进行饮食调查，并计算了饮食中组氨酸的含量，组氨酸可能与能量摄入的调节有关。使用间接热量测定法、生物电阻抗分析法和单轴加速度计分别测量静息代谢率（RMR）、身体成分和 PA。结果表明，冬季能量摄入最高，随温度升高显著下降，夏季下降 25%。由于夏季饮食中组氨酸的摄入量没有增加，因此它似乎不参与能量摄入的抑制。RMR 冬季最高，夏季显著下降 20%。冬季 PA 量较低，春季显著增加，夏季再次减少。冬季体重增加，躯干和手臂脂肪堆积，夏季体重下降，脂肪量减少。尽管 RMR 增加，但冬季较高的能量摄入和较少的 PA 导致体重增加。各季节之间瘦体重没有明显变化；然而，与冬季相比，春季和夏季下肢肌肉重量显著增加（p<0.001）。因此，在舒适的空调环境下，食物摄入、能量代谢和 PA 会发生季节性变化，导致身体成分发生变化。
