UniSA Allied Health and Human Performance, Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia.
Health and Biosecurity, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia.
Nutrients. 2024 Aug 15;16(16):2718. doi: 10.3390/nu16162718.
Poor diet is a major risk factor for non-communicable disease. The aims of this study were to describe temporal patterns and seasonal changes in diet across the year in Australian adults. A total of 375 adults from a prospective cohort study conducted between 1 December 2019 and 31 December 2021 in Adelaide, Australia, were asked to complete the Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies at eight timepoints over a year. Average intakes over the previous month of total energy, macronutrients, healthy food groups, and discretionary foods and beverages were derived. Temporal patterns in diet were analysed descriptively. Multilevel linear regression modelling was used to assess seasonal differences in diet. Of the 375 participants recruited, 358 provided sufficient data for analysis. Intake of total energy, all macronutrients, and most discretionary foods and beverages peaked in December. Total energy intake was higher in summer than in autumn, winter, and spring. Fruit intake was higher in summer than in winter. Consumption of alcoholic beverages was higher in summer than in autumn, winter, and spring. Consumption of non-alcoholic beverages was higher in summer than in autumn and winter. This study identified temporal differences in dietary intake among Australian adults. Seasonal effects appear to be driven largely by increases in consumption of foods and beverages over the December (summer) holiday period. These findings can inform the design and timing of dietary interventions.
不良饮食是导致非传染性疾病的一个主要危险因素。本研究旨在描述澳大利亚成年人全年饮食的时间模式和季节性变化。在澳大利亚阿德莱德，于 2019 年 12 月 1 日至 2021 年 12 月 31 日期间进行的一项前瞻性队列研究中，共有 375 名成年人被要求在一年中的 8 个时间点完成《饮食问卷用于流行病学研究》。根据过去一个月的平均摄入量，得出总能量、宏量营养素、健康食物组和随意性食物和饮料的摄入量。对饮食的时间模式进行了描述性分析。使用多水平线性回归模型评估饮食的季节性差异。在招募的 375 名参与者中，有 358 名提供了足够的分析数据。总能量、所有宏量营养素和大多数随意性食物和饮料的摄入量在 12 月达到峰值。总能量摄入量夏季高于秋季、冬季和春季。水果摄入量夏季高于冬季。夏季饮酒量高于秋季、冬季和春季。本研究确定了澳大利亚成年人饮食摄入的时间差异。季节性影响似乎主要是由于 12 月（夏季）假期期间食物和饮料摄入量的增加所致。这些发现可以为饮食干预的设计和时间安排提供信息。
