Tanglin Health Clinic, Kuala Lumpur 50480, Malaysia.
Department of Human & Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud, Muscat 123, Oman.
Nutrients. 2022 Jan 26;14(3):534. doi: 10.3390/nu14030534.
Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness. It is generally caused by increased intraocular pressure, which results in damage of the optic nerve and retinal ganglion cells, ultimately leading to visual field dysfunction. However, even with the use of intraocular pressure-lowering eye drops, the disease still progresses in some patients. In addition to mechanical and vascular dysfunctions of the eye, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of glaucoma. Hence, the use of natural products with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties may represent an alternative approach for glaucoma treatment. The present review highlights recent preclinical and clinical studies on various natural products shown to possess neuroprotective properties for retinal ganglion cells, which thereby may be effective in the treatment of glaucoma. Intraocular pressure can be reduced by baicalein, forskolin, marijuana, ginsenoside, resveratrol and hesperidin. Alternatively, , , , , saffron, curcumin, caffeine, anthocyanin, coenzyme Q10 and vitamins B3 and D have shown neuroprotective effects on retinal ganglion cells via various mechanisms, especially antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptosis mechanisms. Extensive studies are still required in the future to ensure natural products' efficacy and safety to serve as an alternative therapy for glaucoma.
青光眼是导致不可逆性失明的主要原因之一。它通常是由眼内压升高引起的，这会导致视神经和视网膜神经节细胞损伤，最终导致视野功能障碍。然而，即使使用降低眼内压的眼药水，疾病仍会在一些患者中进展。除了眼睛的机械和血管功能障碍外，氧化应激、神经炎症和兴奋毒性也与青光眼的发病机制有关。因此，使用具有抗氧化和抗炎特性的天然产物可能是治疗青光眼的一种替代方法。本综述重点介绍了最近关于具有视网膜神经节细胞神经保护特性的各种天然产物的临床前和临床研究，这些天然产物可能对治疗青光眼有效。白杨素、毛喉素、大麻、人参皂苷、白藜芦醇和橙皮苷可降低眼内压。此外，黄芩、姜黄素、咖啡因、花青素、辅酶 Q10 和维生素 B3、D 通过各种机制对视网膜神经节细胞具有神经保护作用，特别是抗氧化、抗炎和抗细胞凋亡机制。未来仍需要进行广泛的研究，以确保天然产物的疗效和安全性，作为治疗青光眼的替代疗法。
