Noer Julie B, Hørsdal Oskar K, Xiang Xi, Luo Yonglun, Regenberg Birgitte
Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
Trends Genet. 2022 Jul;38(7):766-781. doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2022.02.007. Epub 2022 Mar 8.
Extrachromosomal circular DNA (eccDNA) is a closed-circle, nuclear, nonplasmid DNA molecule found in all tested eukaryotes. eccDNA plays important roles in cancer pathogenesis, evolution of tumor heterogeneity, and therapeutic resistance. It is known under many names, including very large cancer-specific circular extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA), which carries oncogenes and is often amplified in cancer cells. Our understanding of eccDNA has historically been limited and fragmented. To provide better a context of new and previous research on eccDNA, in this review we give an overview of the various names given to eccDNA at different times. We describe the different mechanisms for formation of eccDNA and the methods used to study eccDNA thus far. Finally, we explore the potential clinical value of eccDNA.
染色体外环状DNA（eccDNA）是一种闭环的、存在于细胞核中的非质粒DNA分子，在所有经过测试的真核生物中都能找到。eccDNA在癌症发病机制、肿瘤异质性的演变以及治疗耐药性方面发挥着重要作用。它有许多名称，包括非常大的癌症特异性环状染色体外DNA（ecDNA），其携带致癌基因并常在癌细胞中扩增。我们对eccDNA的认识在历史上一直是有限且零散的。为了更好地呈现关于eccDNA的新研究和以往研究的背景，在这篇综述中，我们概述了eccDNA在不同时期所被赋予的各种名称。我们描述了eccDNA形成的不同机制以及迄今为止用于研究eccDNA的方法。最后，我们探讨了eccDNA的潜在临床价值。
