Centre for Medical and Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Australia.
Defence Science and Technology Group, Fishermans Bend, Australia.
J Sci Med Sport. 2022 May;25(5):432-438. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2022.01.008. Epub 2022 Feb 4.
To investigate: (i) the chronicity and phasic variability of sleep patterns and restriction in recruits during basic military training (BMT); and (ii) identify subjective sleep quality in young adult recruits prior to entry into BMT.
Prospective observational study.
Sleep was monitored using wrist-worn actigraphy in Army recruits (n = 57, 18-43 y) throughout 12-weeks of BMT. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was completed in the first week of training to provide a subjective estimate of pre-BMT sleep patterns. A mixed-effects model was used to compare week-to-week and training phase (Orientation, Development, Field, Drill) differences for rates of sub-optimal sleep (6-7 h), sleep restriction (≤6 h), and actigraphy recorded sleep measures.
Sleep duration was 06:24 ± 00:18h (mean ± SD) during BMT with all recruits experiencing sub-optimal sleep and 42% (n = 24) were sleep restricted for ≥2 consecutive weeks. During Field, sleep duration (06:06 ± 00:36h) and efficiency (71 ± 6%; p < 0.01) were reduced by 15-18 min (minimum - maximum) and 7-8% respectively; whereas, sleep latency (30 ± 15 min), wake after sleep onset (121 ± 23 min), sleep fragmentation index (41 ± 4%) and average awakening length (6.5 ± 1.6 min) were greater than non-Field phases (p < 0.01) by 16-18 min, 28-33 min, 8-10% and 2.5-3 min respectively. Pre-BMT global PSQI score was 5 ± 3, sleep duration and efficiency were 7.4 ± 1.3 h and 88 ± 9% respectively. Sleep schedule was highly variable at pre-BMT (bedtime: 22:34 ± 7:46 h; wake time: 6:59 ± 1:42 h) unlike BMT (2200-0600 h).
The chronicity of sub-optimal sleep and sleep restriction is substantial during BMT and increased training demands exacerbate sleep disruption. Exploration of sleep strategies (e.g. napping, night-time routine) are required to mitigate sleep-associated performance detriments and maladaptive outcomes during BMT.
研究新兵在基础军事训练（BMT）期间的睡眠模式和限制的慢性和阶段性变化；并在新兵进入 BMT 前确定年轻成年新兵的主观睡眠质量。
前瞻性观察研究。
使用腕戴活动记录仪监测陆军新兵（n=57，18-43 岁）在 BMT 的 12 周内的睡眠情况。新兵训练的第一周完成匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI），以提供新兵进入 BMT 前的睡眠模式的主观估计。使用混合效应模型比较每周和训练阶段（定向、发展、野外、操练）之间的亚最佳睡眠（6-7 小时）、睡眠限制（≤6 小时）和活动记录仪记录的睡眠测量值的差异。
BMT 期间的睡眠时间为 06:24±00:18h（平均值±标准差），所有新兵均经历亚最佳睡眠，42%（n=24）连续两周睡眠受限。在野外阶段，睡眠时间（06:06±00:36h）和效率（71±6%；p<0.01）分别减少了 15-18 分钟（最小-最大）和 7-8%；而睡眠潜伏期（30±15 分钟）、睡眠后觉醒（121±23 分钟）、睡眠碎片指数（41±4%）和平均觉醒长度（6.5±1.6 分钟）则比非野外阶段长 16-18 分钟、28-33 分钟、8-10%和 2.5-3 分钟（p<0.01）。新兵进入 BMT 前的全球 PSQI 评分为 5±3，睡眠时长和效率分别为 7.4±1.3 小时和 88±9%。新兵进入 BMT 前的睡眠时间表高度可变（就寝时间：22:34±7:46h；醒来时间：6:59±1:42h），与 BMT 不同（2200-0600h）。
BMT 期间亚最佳睡眠和睡眠限制的慢性是实质性的，增加的训练需求会加剧睡眠中断。需要探索睡眠策略（例如小睡、夜间常规）以减轻 BMT 期间与睡眠相关的表现下降和适应不良结果。
