Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia.
Defence Science and Technology Group, Fisherman's Bend, VIC 3207, Australia.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 14;19(12):7271. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19127271.
Ensuring a balance between training demands and recovery during basic military training (BMT) is necessary for avoiding maladaptive training responses (e.g., illness or injury). These can lead to delays in training completion and to training attrition. Previously identified predictors of injury and attrition during BMT include demographic and performance data, which are typically collected at a single time point. The aim of this study was to determine individual risk factors for injury and training delays from a suite of measures collected across BMT. A total of 46 male and female recruits undertaking the 12-week Australian Army BMT course consented to this study. Injury, illness, attrition, and demographic data were collected across BMT. Objective measures included salivary cortisol and testosterone, step counts, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscular endurance. Perceptions of well-being, recovery, workload, fatigue, and sleep were assessed with questionnaires. Baseline and mean scores across BMT were evaluated as predictors of injury and attrition using generalized linear regressions, while repeated-measures ANOVA was used for the group comparisons. From the 46 recruits, 36 recruits completed BMT on time; 10 were delayed in completion or discharged. Multiple risk factors for injury during BMT included higher subjective ratings of training load, fatigue, and stress, lower sleep quality, and higher cortisol concentrations. Higher ratings of depression, anxiety, and stress, and more injuries were associated with a higher risk of delayed completion. Higher concentrations of testosterone and higher levels of fitness upon entry to BMT were associated with reduced risk of injury and delayed completion of BMT. Ongoing monitoring with a suite of easily administered measures may have utility in forewarning risk of training maladaptation in recruits and may complement strategies to address previously identified demographic and performance-based risk factors to mitigate injury, training delays, and attrition.
在基础军事训练（BMT）期间，确保训练需求和恢复之间的平衡对于避免适应不良的训练反应（例如，疾病或受伤）是必要的。这些反应可能导致训练完成延迟和训练淘汰。先前确定的 BMT 期间受伤和淘汰的预测因素包括人口统计学和绩效数据，这些数据通常在单个时间点收集。本研究的目的是确定从 BMT 期间收集的一整套措施中，受伤和训练延迟的个体风险因素。共有 46 名男性和女性新兵同意参加为期 12 周的澳大利亚陆军 BMT 课程。在 BMT 期间收集了受伤、疾病、淘汰和人口统计学数据。客观测量包括唾液皮质醇和睾酮、步数、心肺适能和肌肉耐力。使用问卷评估幸福感、恢复、工作量、疲劳和睡眠。使用广义线性回归评估 BMT 期间的基线和平均得分作为受伤和淘汰的预测因子，而重复测量方差分析用于组间比较。在 46 名新兵中，有 36 名新兵按时完成 BMT；10 名新兵完成或被淘汰。BMT 期间受伤的多个风险因素包括更高的训练负荷、疲劳和压力的主观评分、更低的睡眠质量和更高的皮质醇浓度。更高的抑郁、焦虑和压力评分以及更多的受伤与延迟完成的风险增加相关。BMT 开始时更高的睾酮浓度和更高的体能水平与受伤和 BMT 完成延迟的风险降低相关。使用一整套易于管理的措施进行持续监测可能有助于预警新兵训练适应不良的风险，并可能补充以前确定的人口统计学和基于绩效的风险因素策略，以减轻受伤、训练延迟和淘汰。
