衰老如何影响社会注意力？使用多层次元分析检验竞争理论。
How Does Aging Affect Social Attention? A Test of Competing Theories Using Multilevel Meta-Analysis.
机构信息
School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia.
Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
出版信息
J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci. 2022 Aug 11;77(8):1454-1463. doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbac052.
OBJECTIVES
The present study provides a meta-analytic assessment of how gaze-cued attention-a core social-cognitive process-is influenced by normal adult aging.
METHODS
A multilevel meta-analysis of standardized mean changes was conducted on gaze-cueing effects. Age effects were quantified as standardized mean differences in gaze-cueing effect sizes between young and older adult samples.
RESULTS
We identified 82 gaze-cueing effects (k = 26, N = 919 participants). Of these, 37 were associated with young adults (k = 12, n = 438) and 45 with older adults (k = 14, n = 481). Relative to younger adults, older adults had a reduced gaze-cueing effect overall, g = -0.59, with this age effect greater when the cues were predictive, g = -3.24, rather than nonpredictive, g = -0.78.
DISCUSSION
These results provide the clearest evidence to date that adult aging is associated with a reduction in gaze-cued attention. The results also speak to potential mechanisms of this age effect. In line with cognitive decline models of aging, it was demonstrated that when gaze cues were predictive, only younger adults seem to benefit, suggesting that older adults exhibit a particularly reduced capacity to use gaze cues volitionally.
目的
本研究通过元分析评估了正常成人衰老过程中注视线索注意力（一种核心社会认知过程）是如何受到影响的。
方法
对注视线索效应进行了多层次的均值变化元分析。注视线索效应大小的年龄效应被量化为年轻和老年成人样本之间的标准化均值差异。
结果
我们确定了 82 个注视线索效应（k = 26，N = 919 名参与者）。其中，37 个与年轻成年人有关（k = 12，n = 438），45 个与老年成年人有关（k = 14，n = 481）。与年轻成年人相比，老年成年人的整体注视线索效应较弱，g = -0.59，当线索具有预测性时，g = -3.24，而非预测性时，g = -0.78，这种年龄效应更大。
讨论
这些结果提供了迄今为止最清晰的证据，表明成人衰老与注视线索注意力的下降有关。结果还涉及这种年龄效应的潜在机制。与衰老的认知衰退模型一致，当注视线索具有预测性时，只有年轻成年人似乎受益，这表明老年成年人表现出特别降低的自愿使用注视线索的能力。
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