Vogt Nadine A, Hetman Benjamin M, Vogt Adam A, Pearl David L, Reid-Smith Richard J, Parmley E Jane, Kadykalo Stefanie, Janecko Nicol, Bharat Amrita, Mulvey Michael R, Ziebell Kim, Robertson James, Nash John, Allen Vanessa, Majury Anna, Ricker Nicole, Bondo Kristin J, Allen Samantha E, Jardine Claire M
Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, Guelph, ON, Canada.
Independent Researcher, Mississauga, ON, Canada.
Front Vet Sci. 2022 Feb 25;9:840416. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.840416. eCollection 2022.
Non-typhoidal infections represent a substantial burden of illness in humans, and the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among these infections is a growing concern. Using a combination of isolate short-read whole-genome sequence data from select human cases, raccoons, livestock and environmental sources, and an epidemiological framework, our objective was to determine if there was evidence for potential transmission of and associated antimicrobial resistance determinants between these different sources in the Grand River watershed in Ontario, Canada. Logistic regression models were used to assess the potential associations between source type and the presence of select resistance genes and plasmid incompatibility types. A total of 608 isolates were obtained from the following sources: humans ( = 58), raccoons ( = 92), livestock ( = 329), and environmental samples ( = 129). Resistance genes of public health importance, including , were identified in humans, livestock, and environmental sources, but not in raccoons. Most resistance genes analyzed were significantly more likely to be identified in livestock and/or human isolates than in raccoon isolates. Based on a 3,002-loci core genome multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) scheme, human isolates were often more similar to isolates from livestock and environmental sources, than with those from raccoons. Rare instances of serovars . Heidelberg and . Enteritidis in raccoons likely represent incidental infections and highlight possible acquisition and dissemination of predominantly poultry-associated by raccoons within these ecosystems. Raccoon-predominant serovars were either not identified among human isolates (. Agona, . Thompson) or differed by more than 350 cgMLST loci (. Newport). Collectively, our findings suggest that the rural population of raccoons on swine farms in the Grand River watershed are unlikely to be major contributors to antimicrobial resistant human cases in this region.
非伤寒感染给人类带来了沉重的疾病负担，这些感染中抗菌药物耐药性的日益普遍也越来越令人担忧。我们结合从选定的人类病例、浣熊、家畜和环境来源分离的短读长全基因组序列数据以及一个流行病学框架，旨在确定在加拿大安大略省格兰德河流域的这些不同来源之间是否存在潜在传播以及相关抗菌药物耐药性决定因素的证据。使用逻辑回归模型来评估来源类型与选定耐药基因和质粒不相容类型存在之间的潜在关联。总共从以下来源获得了608株分离株：人类（n = 58）、浣熊（n = 92）、家畜（n = 329）和环境样本（n = 129）。在人类、家畜和环境来源中鉴定出了具有公共卫生重要性的耐药基因，包括……，但在浣熊中未鉴定出。分析的大多数耐药基因在牲畜和/或人类分离株中比在浣熊分离株中更有可能被鉴定出来。基于一个3002个位点的核心基因组多位点序列分型（cgMLST）方案，人类……分离株通常与家畜和环境来源的分离株比与浣熊的分离株更相似。浣熊中罕见的海德堡血清型和肠炎血清型实例可能代表偶然感染，并突出了浣熊在这些生态系统中可能获取和传播主要与家禽相关的……。在人类分离株中未鉴定出以浣熊为主的血清型（阿哥纳血清型、汤普森血清型），或者差异超过350个cgMLST位点（纽波特血清型）。总体而言，我们的研究结果表明，格兰德河流域养猪场的农村浣熊种群不太可能是该地区耐抗菌药物人类……病例的主要贡献者。
