Lü Wei-Dong, Liu Yi-Zhi, Yang Yan-Qi, Liu Zhi-Gang, Zhao Kun, Lu Jian-Rong, Lei Guang-Yan, Wang Yi-Yu, Cai Lin, Sun Rui-Fang
Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tumor Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Affiliated to the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
Department of Medical Oncology, Tumor Hospital of Shaanxi Province, Affiliated to the Medical College of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
Mater Today Bio. 2022 Mar 4;14:100233. doi: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2022.100233. eCollection 2022 Mar.
Hemostatic materials are generally applied in surgical operations for cancer, but their effects on the growth and recurrence of tumors are unclear. Herein, three commonly used naturally derived hemostatic materials, gelatin sponge, Surgicel (oxidized regenerated cellulose), and biopaper (mixture of sodium hyaluronate and carboxymethyl chitosan), were cocultured with A549 human lung adenocarcinoma cells . Furthermore, the performance of hemostatic materials and the tumorigenicity of the materials with A549 cells were observed after subcutaneous implantation into BALB/c mice. The results showed that biopaper was dissolved quickly, with the highest cell numbers at 2 and 4 days of culture. Gelatin sponges retained their structure and elicited the least cell infiltration during the 2- to 10-day culture. Surgicel partially dissolved and supported cell growth over time. The results showed that biopaper degraded rapidly and elicited an acute Th1 lymphocyte reaction at 3 days after implantation, which was decreased at 7 days after implantation. The gelatin sponge resisted degradation and evoked a hybrid M1/M2 macrophage reaction at 7-21 days after implantation, and a protumor M2d subset was confirmed. Surgicel resisted early degradation and caused obvious antitumor M2a macrophage reactions. Mice subjected to subcutaneous implantation of A549 cells and hemostatic materials in the gelatin sponge group had the largest tumor volumes and the shortest overall survival (OS), while the Surgicel and the biopaper group had the smallest volumes and the longest OS. Therefore, although gelatin sponges exhibited cytotoxicity to A549 cells , they promoted the growth of A549 cells , which was related to chronic M2d macrophage reaction. Surgicel and biopaper inhibited A549 cell growth , which is associated with chronic M2a macrophage reaction or acute Th1 lymphocyte reaction.
止血材料通常应用于癌症手术中，但其对肿瘤生长和复发的影响尚不清楚。在此，将三种常用的天然来源止血材料，即明胶海绵、速即纱（氧化再生纤维素）和生物纸（透明质酸钠和羧甲基壳聚糖的混合物）与A549人肺腺癌细胞共培养。此外，将止血材料皮下植入BALB/c小鼠后，观察了止血材料的性能以及材料与A549细胞的致瘤性。结果表明，生物纸溶解迅速，在培养第2天和第4天时细胞数量最多。明胶海绵在2至10天的培养过程中保持其结构，引起的细胞浸润最少。速即纱部分溶解，并随着时间的推移支持细胞生长。结果表明，生物纸降解迅速，在植入后第3天引发急性Th1淋巴细胞反应，在植入后第7天反应减弱。明胶海绵抵抗降解，并在植入后7至21天引发混合的M1/M2巨噬细胞反应，并证实存在促肿瘤的M2d亚群。速即纱抵抗早期降解，并引起明显的抗肿瘤M2a巨噬细胞反应。在明胶海绵组中皮下植入A549细胞和止血材料的小鼠肿瘤体积最大，总生存期（OS）最短，而速即纱组和生物纸组的肿瘤体积最小，OS最长。因此，尽管明胶海绵对A549细胞表现出细胞毒性，但它们促进了A549细胞的生长，这与慢性M2d巨噬细胞反应有关。速即纱和生物纸抑制A549细胞生长，这与慢性M2a巨噬细胞反应或急性Th1淋巴细胞反应有关。
